To meet the infrastructure coverage and capacity needed by future IoT applications, service providers may engage in mutually-beneficial modes of collaboration such as cooperative packet forwarding and gatewaying through fixed backhauls and Internet uplinks. In an effort to enable these modes of resource pooling while minimizing negative impact on collaborating providers, we developed a transport-layer approach that would enable IoT nodes to opportunistically scavenge for idle bandwidth across multiple paths. Our approach combines multipath techniques with less-than-best effort (LBE) congestion control methods. Initial tests using the TCP-LP and LEDBAT LBE algorithms on scavenging secondary flows show that this desired functionality can be achieved. To ensure however that IoT nodes are guaranteed at least one flow that fairly competes for fair share of network capacity, one flow called the primary flow uses standard TCP congestion control.

Se evaluó el rendimiento y calidad de dos cultivares de espinaca (uno de polinización abierta OP y un híbrido)  cultivados en una parcela de producción orgánica con y sin rotación con abono verde (Crotalaria juncea) y cuatro concentraciones de aplicación foliar de biol (0, 20, 40 y 100%). Se utilizó el diseño estadístico de bloques completos al azar, con arreglo factorial. El rendimiento fue altamente significativo para la rotación con abono verde (24.3 t/ha), biol (25.8 t/ha)  y la interacción de rotación con abono verde x cultivar (25.2 t/ha), donde el rendimiento del cultivar OP fue superior al híbrido cuando se utilizó la rotación con abono verde. Los altos rendimientos obtenidos cuando se usa la rotación con abono verde y dosis crecientes de aplicaciones foliares de biol justifican su uso en este cultivo, especialmente cuando se trata de pequeños agricultores, contribuyendo a incrementar la producción orgánica de espinaca, aún cuando se usen cultivares de polinización abierta.

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a vegetable that presents versatility in cultivation techniques. Currently, research related to the productive behavior of cultivars and the evaluation of pests and diseases is being conducted. To minimize the damage of phytophagous insects in the production of leafy vegetables, the use of sticky traps of different colors has been recommended. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to identify the insects associated with the lettuce (L. sativa) crop trapped based on the chromatic trap (yellow and blue), using Razecol 100® (agricultural adherent), during the period from September to October 2022, under the Vegetable Research and Social Projection Program of the Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru. 866 individuals were distributed in six orders (Diptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, and Hymenoptera), and nine families were collected. The beneficial predatory fly of the genus Condylostylus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), was dominant, with 314 specimens, and was also the most abundant in the vegetable production ecosystem. In four of the five temporary sampling units, specimens of the genus Agapostemon(Hymenoptera: Halictidae) and the blue color were preferred by this genus. The efficiency of yellow and blue traps in the control of pests associated with lettuce was demonstrated.