Lost in translation: cómo mejorar la comunicación con pacientes no hispano-hablantes en Cuidados Paliativos Lost in Translation: How to communicate with non-Spanish speaking patients in Palliative CareSra. Directora:
This technique consists in the use of catheters and special needles to introduce solutions into difficult access sites in order to treat fibrosis or chronic inflammation conditions. Solutions such as hyaluronidase and hypertonic saline solution can be used for the lysis of adhesions caused by the pathology. This paper refers to different alternatives to correctly apply the technique at different spine levels. The technique has evolved from the conventional Tuhoy solution needles with some neurolitic properties to modern mapping needles and catheters that permit to position the desired solution at a distance, close to the desired root and/or foramen. The most frequently affected area is the sacrolumbar segment, but different nosological entities that require clinical or surgical treatments may cause pain in the spinal canal, discs, vegetative structures or roots in any spinal segment. Many of these pathologies, most particularly after surgical treatments, cause inflammatory conditions and epidural adhesions that frequently lead to chronic pain. The pathophysiology and indication of this technique is developed in Part 1 of this publication. This paper describes the techniques to perform lysis of adhesions at all spine levels. A thorough description is made of the caudal, lumbar, thoracic and cervical technique, the solutions administered, the catheters that are used in each case and physical therapy techniques for neural and epidural mapping. All techniques described are illustrated by an "Image gallery" for each procedure. The appropriate use of images is indicated with volume differences in each case. Tips for preventing complications are given.
Zespół fioletowego worka na mocz w opiece paliatywnejPurple urine bag syndrome in palliative care Streszczenie Zespół fioletowego worka na mocz (PUBS, purple urine bag syndrome) to rzadkie zjawisko polegające na przebarwieniu moczu związane z zakażeniem układu moczowego u pacjentów z założonym cewnikiem do pęcherza moczowego. Czynniki predysponujące do jego wystąpienia to płeć żeńska, podeszły wiek, przewlekłe zaparcia, zasadowy odczyn moczu, bakteriuria i unieruchomienie związane z chorobą przewlekłą. Zespół fioletowego worka na mocz występuje, kiedy produkty przemiany tryptofanu ulegają przekształceniom metabolicznym do indykanu (siarczan-3-indoksylu). Indykan w obecności tlenu i wysokiego pH ulega przemianie do błękitu indygo (kolor niebieski) i indirubiny (kolor czerwony). Obydwa barwniki mieszają się i reagują z syntetycznymi materiałami, z których wykonany jest worek cewnika, co powoduje charakterystyczne fioletowe zabarwienie moczu, cewnika urologicznego i worka na mocz. W pracy opisano przypadek 85-letniej kobiety z rozpzonaniem nowotworu jelita grubego i marskości wątroby, u której wystąpił PUBS. Med Pract 2018; 12, 4: 214-217 Słowa kluczowe: zespół fioletowego worka na mocz, przebarwienie moczu, zakażenie układu moczowego, medycyna paliatywna, pacjent unieruchomiony w łóżku Palliat AbstractThe purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is a rare phenomenon consisting of a urine discolouration in patients with long-term urinary catheterization who develop urinary tract infection. The main risk factors are: elderly age, female sex, chronic constipation, alkaline urine with high bacterial levels and bedridden status. It occurs when the product of the amino acid tryptophan is metabolized to indoxyl sulfate. This substance due to bacterial enzyme reactions and in the alkaline environment gets oxygenized to indigo (blue) and indirubin (red), which precipitate in the urine and on to the synthetic material of the urinary catheter and urine bag, resulting in the characteristic purple color. We present a case of an 85-year-old woman who was deteriorating from advanced cancer (colon cancer with liver cirrhosis) who developed purple urine bag syndrome.
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