. The objective of this research was to evaluate the conservation status and the importance of forest remnants at Embu (SP, Brazil) for the maintenance of the local plant diversity. A previous classification of the vegetation cover was made with aerial photographs interpretation in order to guide the selection of the forest fragments to be evaluated. In a quick survey, the floristic composition (focused on tree species) and some structural and physiognomic descriptors were recorded to assess the conservation status of the vegetation. Nine remaining forests with areas between four and 35 ha were characterized, totaling 140 ha. Despite of the short time, 197 species were recorded, being 172 trees typical of the Ombrophilous Dense Forest and some species from the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. Comparing the tree and shrub species between the remaining forests and the Morro Grande Reserve Forest -conservation unit located next to the study site -95 species were found in common and 65 species exclusively occurring at Embu forests. Moreover, seven threatened species according to the state, national and world red lists were recorded. Although these seven species were mostly found in the more mature fragments, some were also found in disturbed ones, indicating that even with the massive occurrence of secondary forests, the maintenance of the forest remnants of Embu may help to preserve some species still not protected in the region. The forest can also contribute to protect water and soil resources and to connect native forest patches, facilitating the gene flow of plant and animal species and, consequently, promoting the maintenance of the Atlantic Forest biodiversity.Keywords: Atlantic Rain forest, tree community, biodiversity. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o grau de conservação e a importância dos remanescentes florestais situados em Embu -SP para a manutenção da diversidade da flora local. Para tanto, realizou-se o mapeamento e a classificação prévia da cobertura vegetal da área, a fim de se selecionarem os fragmentos a serem avaliados. Para determinar o grau de conservação desses fragmentos, efetuou-se levantamento expedito, com ênfase na vegetação arbórea, no qual foram registrados a composição florística e alguns descritores fisionômicos e estruturais. Foram caracterizados nove fragmentos, cujas áreas variaram de aproximadamente quatro a 35 ha, totalizando 140 ha. Apesar de curto, o levantamento possibilitou o registro de 197 espécies, das quais 172 arbóreas e em sua maioria da Floresta Ombrófila Densa mas com algumas espécies da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. Comparando a composição de espécies arbóreas encontradas nos fragmentos àquela presente na Reserva Florestal do Morro Grande -unidade de conservação localizada próxima à área de estudo -constatou-se a ocorrência de 95 espécies em comum às duas áreas e 65 espécies com ocorrência exclusiva nos fragmentos. Além disso, foram registradas
Abstract:The Alto Ribeira Touristic State Park (PETAR) is part of the ecological continuum of the Paranapiacaba Range, one of the most preserved sites of the Atlantic Forest in São Paulo State. However, studies exploring its floristic structure and compostition are rare. The objective of this study was to map the vegetation and characterize the flora of the different vegetation types of PETAR to contribute to its management plan. Aerial photographs were used to produce a general and a detailed map of the park. Data collected through field surveys were combined with secondary data to characterize PETAR's flora. It was found that the Ombrophilous Dense Forest is the predominant vegetation type in PETAR (65%), which mostly occurs at elevations that correspond to the Montane (78.2%) and Lower Montane (19.4%) types. There are also areas of High Montane (0.1%) and Alluvial vegetation (1.7%). The Ombrophilous Open Forest with bamboos, where large patches of bamboos have replaced the tall closed forest, occurs in approximately 13%. Sites of secondary vegetation, which have been regenerating after past clearcuts comprise about 17%. The detailed map showed 12 different vegetation types, which were characterized according to vegetation height and density of cover. The most perserved sites, characterized by tall trees and a closed canopy structure, comprised about 37% of the park's vegetated area. Primary and secondary data were pooled and resulted in a list of 680 native plant species, with the field surveys adding 162 new records for the park. It was found that 40 species belong to some category of threat according to the official red lists of São Paulo State, Brazil, and of the world. Forty-four exotic species were identified, of which 14 were classified as invasive.
RESUMO -Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a vegetação da Estação Ecológica de Xitué (EEcX), para subsidiar a elaboração do Plano de Manejo. A caracterização da vegetação foi feita com base em interpretação de fotografias aéreas e levantamento de campo, no qual foram observados atributos da estrutura da vegetação e a composição de espécies em trilhas com diferentes graus de conservação. Fez-se também um levantamento das pesquisas realizadas na EEcX e das coletas de espécies vegetais registradas nas coleções biológicas disponíveis on-line. A busca por dados secundários revelou a total ausência de estudos e coletas botânicas na Estação. A vegetação predominante na EEcX é a Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana, que recobre 57,1% da área, seguida pela Floresta Ombrófila Aberta com Bambus (41,3%). Há também pequenos trechos de Floresta Ombrófila Densa Alto-Montana (0,12%), Floresta Ombrófila Densa Aluvial (1,2%) e Vegetação Secundária (0,17%). De modo geral, a vegetação apresenta porte médio e dossel irregular, com diversas manchas dominadas por bambus. Foram identificadas 123 espécies nativas, pertencentes a 82 gêneros e 40 famílias. Destas, nove constam em alguma categoria de ameaça nas listas de espécies ameaçadas no estado de São Paulo, no Brasil e no mundo. Não foram observadas espécies exóticas ou invasoras. A maior parte da área da EEcX (62,2%) foi considerada de extrema prioridade para conservação, sendo 37,7% de alta prioridade e 0,09% de média prioridade. Com base no grau de conservação, propõe-se, para o zoneamento, que 58% da EEcX seja destinada à zona primitiva, sendo o restante designado como zona de recuperação.Palavras-chave: Floresta Ombrófila Densa; Mata Atlântica; bambus; Serra de Paranapiacaba; Avaliação Ecológica Rápida.ABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to characterize the vegetation of the Xitué Ecological Station (EEcX) in order to subsidize the elaboration of its Management Plan. The vegetation assessment was conducted based on a map generated by photointerpretation and field surveys, in which attributes of vegetation structure and species composition were recorded. Additionally, surveys on studies conducted in the EEcX, as well as on plant species recorded in biological collections available online were done. The search for secondary data revealed total absence of studies and botanical collections at the EEcX. The predominant vegetation in the Station is the Montane Ombrophilous Dense Forest, which covers 57.1% of the area, followed by the Ombrophilous Open Forest with Bamboos (41.3%). There are also small areas of Upper Montane Ombrophilous Dense Forest (0.12%), Alluvial Ombrophilous Dense Forest (1.2%), and Secondary Vegetation (0.17%). Overall, the overstory is mediumsized with irregular canopy, and several patches are dominated by bamboos. A total of 123 native species belonging to 82 genera and 40 families were identified. Nine out of these are 1 Recebido para análise em 13
; Léo ZIMBACK 2 RESUMO -A Estação Ecológica de Avaré é uma unidade de conservação com 720,4 ha localizada no município de Avaré, sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo. O presente trabalho apresenta os resultados dos estudos sobre o tema vegetação elaborados para o seu Plano de Manejo. Com base na análise de dados primários e secundários e de fotografias aéreas, a cobertura vegetal foi caracterizada e uma proposta de zoneamento foi elaborada. Dados primários e secundários totalizaram 265 espécies de plantas vasculares, cinco delas apresentado algum grau de ameaça de extinção: Anemopaegma arvense, Cedrela fissilis, Clitoria densiflora, Machaerium villosum e Rourea pseudospadicea. Foram identificadas cinco formações vegetais, sendo três pertencentes ao bioma Cerrado e duas pertencentes ao bioma Mata Atlântica compreendendo, respectivamente, 72,17% e 24,63% da área da Estação. Entre as fisionomias de Cerrado, destaque pode ser dado às savânicas e campestres, que juntas ocupam 49,91% da Estação, acentuando a sua significância devido à representatividade relativamente elevada do componente não arbóreo do Cerrado nessas fisionomias, o qual é tido como o mais rico em espécies vegetais no bioma. Três espécies invasoras foram amostradas, o pinus (Pinus sp.), o capim-gordura (Melinis minutiflora) e a braquiária (Urochloa brizantha), sendo esta última a que representa maior ameaça para a diversidade florística da Unidade. Na proposta de zoneamento preliminar, a Zona de Recuperação foi a mais expressiva, totalizando 84,81% da área total da Unidade, onde o manejo enfatiza o controle de gramíneas invasoras.Palavras-chave: Cerrado; Mata Atlântica; unidade de conservação; zoneamento.ABSTRACT -Avaré Ecological Station is a protected area with 720.4 ha located in the municipality of Avaré, southwestern São Paulo state. This study presents the results of the vegetation survey made for its Management Plan. Based on primary and secondary data and on aereal photographs analysis, the vegetation cover was characterized and a zoning proposal was elaborated. Primary and secondary data totaled 265 vascular plant species, of which five presented some degree of extinction risk: Anemopaegma arvense, Cedrela fissilis, Clitoria densiflora, Machaerium villosum and Rourea pseudospadicea. Five plant formations were identified, three belonging to the Brazilian Savanna biome and two belonging to the Atlantic Forest biome occupying, respectively, 72.17% e 24.63% of the Station area. Among the Savanna physiognomies, highlight can be given to the grassland type ones, which occupied 49.91% of the Station, reinforcing its significance due to relatively height representativeness of the non-arboreal component in these physiognomies, which is considered as the richest component in plant species in the biome. Three invading species were sampled, the pine (Pinus sp.) and the grasses Melinis minutiflora and Urochloa brizantha, being the last the uppermost threat for the floristic diversity of the area. In the preliminary zoning the Recuperation Zone was the most exp...
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