Background: Spinopelvic characteristics influence the hip's biomechanical behavior. However, there is currently little knowledge regarding what "normal" characteristics are. This study aimed to determine how static and dynamic spinopelvic characteristics change with age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) among well-functioning volunteers.Methods: This was a cross-sectional cohort study of 112 asymptomatic volunteers (age, 47.4 ± 17.7 years; 50.0% female; BMI, 27.3 ± 4.9 kg/m 2 ). All participants underwent lateral spinopelvic radiography in the standing and deepseated positions to determine maximum hip and lumbar flexion. Lumbar flexion (change in lumbar lordosis, ΔLL), hip flexion (change in pelvic-femoral angle, ΔPFA), and pelvic movement (change in pelvic tilt, DPT) were determined. The hip user index, which quantifies the relative contribution of the hip to overall sagittal movement, was calculated asResults: There were decreases of 4.5°(9%) per decade of age in lumbar flexion (rho, 20.576; p < 0.001) and 3.6°(4%) per decade in hip flexion (rho, 20.365; p < 0.001). ΔLL could be predicted by younger age, low standing PFA, and high standing LL. Standing spinopelvic characteristics were similar between sexes. There was a trend toward men having less hip flexion (90.3°± 16.4°versus 96.4°± 18.1°; p = 0.065) and a lower hip user index (62.9% ± 8.2% versus 66.7% ± 8.3%; p = 0.015). BMI weakly correlated with ΔLL (rho, 20.307; p = 0.011) and ΔPFA (rho, 20.253; p = 0.039).Conclusions: Spinopelvic characteristics were found to be age, sex, and BMI-dependent. The changes in the lumbar spine during aging (loss of lumbar lordosis and flexion) were greater than the changes in the hip, and as a result, the hip's relative contribution to overall sagittal movement increased. Men had a greater change in posterior pelvic tilt when moving from a standing to a deep-seated position in comparison with women, secondary to less hip flexion. The influence of BMI on spinopelvic parameters was low.T he relationship among the hip, pelvis, and spine has recently received great interest, as patients with spinopelvic pathology have been shown to have higher rates of complications, including dislocation, following total hip arthroplasty (THA) [1][2][3][4] . The position of the lumbar spine affects the pelvic position, which in turn influences acetabular orientation 5,6 , an important determinant of hip biomechanics in native 4,7,8 and replaced hips 9,10 . In patients with hip osteoarthritis, femoroacetabular flexion is reduced, which is associated with an increased posterior pelvic tilt (PT) in the seated position and corresponding compensation in the lumbar spine (reduction in lordosis angle) 11 . This compensatory mechanism is reversed after THA in individuals without a history of spinal fusion 12 .Changes in spinopelvic parameters during aging might be different between asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals, because the latter may have developed altered motion due to the underlying pathology 13 . In order to better understand the role of ...
Growth mindset refers to our core belief that our talents can be developed through practice, which may influence our thoughts and behaviors. Growth mindset has been studied in a variety of fields, including education, sports, and management. However, few studies have explored whether differences in individuals’ growth mindsets influence college students’ self-reported mental health. Using the Growth Mindset Scale, Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Checklist, and SCL-90 Scale, data was collected from 2,505 freshmen in a University in China. Findings revealed that the students within the growth mindset group scored significantly lower on “mental health issues” and “stress due to life events” than the students in the fixed mindset group. Our findings suggest that individuals with a growth mindset are less prone to mental health problems than individuals with a fixed mindset.
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