This article aims to identify the strategies for coping with health and daily-life stressors of Mexican patients with chronic rheumatic disease.We analyzed the baseline data of a cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and gout. Their strategies for coping were identified with a validated questionnaire. Comparisons between health and daily-life stressors and between the 3 clinical conditions were made. With regression analyses, we determined the contribution of individual, socioeconomic, educational, and health-related quality-of-life variables to health status and coping strategy.We identified several predominant coping strategies in response to daily-life and health stressors in 261 patients with RA, 226 with AS, and 206 with gout. Evasive and reappraisal strategies were predominant when patients cope with health stressors; emotional/negative and evasive strategies predominated when coping with daily-life stressors. There was a significant association between the evasive pattern and the low short-form health survey (SF-36) scores and health stressors across the 3 diseases. Besides some differences between diagnoses, the most important finding was the predominance of the evasive strategy and its association with low SF-36 score and high level of pain in patients with gout.Patients with rheumatic diseases cope in different ways when confronted with health and daily-life stressors. The strategy of coping differs across diagnoses; emotional/negative and evasive strategies are associated with poor health-related quality of life. The identification of the coping strategies could result in the design of psychosocial interventions to improve self-management.

The organization model is associated with dissatisfaction in all areas, except in 'the patients'.

ResumenEl objetivo del estudio fue elaborar una escala para evaluar los estilos de crianza utilizados por padres y madres. La muestra fue no probabilística y estuvo conformada por 790 participantes, 350 padres y 440 madres de la ciudad de México, con un promedio de edad de 36.34 años. La edad de los hijos fue de 6 a 12 años. Se elaboró una escala Likert con seis opciones de respuesta (totalmente en desacuerdo-totalmente de acuerdo). Los participantes respondieron la escala de manera voluntaria. Después de realizar el análisis psicométrico a los reactivos (sesgo, correlación ítem total, t de Student para grupos extremos, análisis factorial de componentes principales con rotación ortogonal, alpha de Cronbach) la escala quedó integrada por 24 reactivos distribuidos en cinco factores: castigo, permisivo, emocional negativo, control conductual, y cognición negativa. Se concluye que se obtuvo una escala válida y confiable para evaluar los estilos de crianza empleados por padres y madres. Palabras clave: hijos, crianza, papás, estilos. PARENTS' PERCEPTION ABOUT CHILD REARING AbstractThe aim of the study was to develop a scale to assess parenting styles used by mothers and fathers. The sample was nonprobabilistic and consisted of 790 participants, 350 mothers and 440 fathers of the city of Mexico, with an average age of 36.34 years. The age of the children ranged from 6 to 12 years. A Likert scale with six response options (strongly disagree-strongly agree) was developed. Participants responded the scale in a voluntary manner. After performing the psychometric analysis of the items (bias, total item correlation, Student's t test for extreme groups, factorial analysis of main components with orthogonal rotation, Cronbach's alpha) the scale was composed of 24 items divided into five factors: punishment, permissive, negative emotional, behavioral control, and negative cognition. It was concluded that a valid and reliable scale was obtained for assessing parenting styles used by mothers and fathers. Key words: children, child rearing, parents, styles. A PERCEPÇÃO DOS PAIS SOBRE A CRIAÇÃO DOS FILHOSResumo O objetivo do estudo foi elaborar uma escala para avaliar os estilos de criação utilizados por pais e mães. A mostra foi não probabilística e estevo formada por 790 participantes, 350 pais e 440 mães da cidade do México, com uma média de idade de 36.34 anos. A idade dos filhos foi de 6 a 12 anos. Elaborou-se uma escala Likert com seis opções de resposta (totalmente em desacordo-totalmente de acordo). Os participantes responderam a escala de maneira voluntária. Depois de realizar a análise psicométrica aos reativos (desvio, correlação item total, t de Student para grupos extremos, análise fatorial de componentes principais com rotação ortogonal, alpha de Cronbach) a escala ficou integrada por 24 reativos distribuídos em cinco fatores: castigo, permissivo, emocional negativo, controle conductual, e cognição negativa. Conclui-se que se obteve uma escala válida e confiável para avaliar os estilos de criação empregados por pais ...

Con el propósito de establecer si el enfrentamiento y el conflicto, intervienen en la depresión, 405 participantes respondieron de manera voluntaria, la escala multidimensional multisituacional de enfrentamiento (Góngora, 1996), la de conflicto (Rivera, Cruz, Arnaldo, & Díaz-Loving, 2004) y el BDI-II (Beck, Steer & Brown, 2006). Resultado de una regresión múltiple paso a paso, la depresión es predicha por estrategias de vida emocional-negativo [β = .405**], pareja directo-revalorativo [β=-.258**], vida directo-revalorativo [β = -.181**], pareja emocional-negativo [β = .159**] pareja evasiva [β = .102*]. Una segunda regresión paso a paso, predice la depresión, por conflictos de personalidad [β = .425**], desconfianza [β = .192**], celos [β = -.198**], religión [β= -.120*], sexualidad [β = .129*].

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