This chapter has gathered scientific evidence on metoprolol as a pharmacological tool in various cardiovascular diseases. METHODOLOGY: This is a systematic review in which scientific articles published in Pubmed databases between 2021 and 2022 were selected. The following descriptors were used: metoprolol or pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, adverse effect, combined by means of the AND operator. A total of 46 articles were found, of which 17 met the selection criteria and, therefore, are included in this study. RESULTS: Regarding the clinical use of metoprolol, it was beneficial in the treatment of arrhythmias after resection of hepatocarcinoma, in cardiac improvement in patients with permanent pacemaker, in individuals with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and in addition to having been cited in the increase in survival in patients with type B aortic dissection. has been shown to be beneficial in both heart failure and carotid atherosclerosis, as well as hypothalamic obesity. With regard to adverse events, patients on metoprolol were more prone to nightmares than those exposed to another beta-adrenergic antagonist drug, such as carvedilol or labetalol. In addition, when compared with another drug, it did not have an advantage over esmolol for performing CT angiography and was less effective in antihypertensive therapy of men with erectile dysfunction. Finally, with regard to new methods of detection or therapeutic intervention of the use of metoprolol, one study was successful in discovering a new way to quantify metoprolol in rat plasma, while another recent study addressed relevant considerations in personalized therapy of the drug, based on the genetic polymorphism of CYP2D6. CONCLUSION: The present systematic review corroborates updates on the use of Metoprolol found in the current literature, contributing to the institution of personalized therapy for patients with cardiovascular disease.
Dentre os medicamentos mais prescritos no mundo, temos os Inibidores de Bombas de Prótons (IBPs), utilizados para tratamento de doenças pépticas. Estudos recentes têm associado o uso de IBPs à demência. Baseado nisso, a presente revisão sistemática selecionou artigos científicos publicados no corrente ano, na base de dados Pubmed, com os descritores: “proton pump inhibitors” e “dementia” combinados por meio do operador booleano AND. Os estudos encontrados mostram divergências na comunidade científica sobre o declínio cognitivo estar associado ao uso prolongado de IBP. Autores encontraram maior risco de demências associado ao uso de IBPs, sugerindo possível efeito cumulativo. A interação com a via colinérgica parece ser relevante. Os resultados encontrados contribuem para um alerta sobre o uso indiscriminado dessa classe terapêutica, além da necessidade da instituição de terapêutica personalizada ao paciente portador de demência.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most prescribed drugs worldwide, considered safe and effective, and are used to treat a range of diseases. Recent studies have associated its use with some adverse effects, including reports of dementia. Based on this, we sought to synthesize evidence obtained from research on the relationship between the use of PPIs and dementia. This is a systematic review in which scientific articles published in the Pubmed database, in the years 2022 and 2023 were selected. according to the recommended guidelines of PRISMA. A total of 25 articles were found, of which 9 met the selection criteria and are therefore included in this study. The studies found were heterogeneous in terms of results. Some authors found a higher risk of dementia associated with the use of PPIs, with no differences regarding subtypes. And among those who described an association, prolonged chronic use was more evident, with a possible cumulative effect. As possible proposed mechanisms, the interaction with the cholinergic pathway through the choline acetyl-transferase enzyme and interactions with the APOE ε4 genotype were raised. This systematic review corroborates updates on the use of PPIs found in the current literature, contributing to the establishment of personalized therapy for patients with dementia.
Introdução: o metoprolol, um bloqueador dos receptores β1-adrenérgicos cardíacos, é um fármaco aprovado para o tratamento de angina, insuficiência cardíaca, infarto do miocárdio, arritmias e hipertensão. Baseado nisso, o presente estudo tem como objetivo trazer atualizações das evidências farmacológicas desse fármaco nas diversas doenças cardiovasculares. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão sistemática na qual foram selecionados artigos científicos publicados nas bases de dados do pubmed, entre os anos de 2021 e 2022. Utilizou-se os descritores: metoprolol or pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, adverse effect, combinados por meio do operador and. Foram encontrados 46 artigos, dos quais 17 preencheram os critérios de seleção e, portanto, estão incluídos neste estudo. Resultados: em relação ao uso clínico do metoprolol, esse se mostrou benéfico no tratamento de arritmias após ressecção de hepatocarcinoma, na melhora cardíaca em pacientes com marca-passo permanente, em indivíduos com cardiomiopatia hipertrófica obstrutiva, além de terem sido citados no aumento da sobrevida em pacientes com dissecção de aorta tipo b. Quando combinado a outra droga, mostrou-se benéfico tanto na insuficiência cardíaca e na aterosclerose de carótida, quanto na obesidade hipotalâmica. No que se refere a evento adverso, pacientes em uso de metoprolol foram mais propensos a pesadelos do que aqueles expostos a outra droga antagonista beta-adrenérgica, como carvedilol ou labetalol. Além disso, quando comparado com outro fármaco, ele não obteve vantagem em relação ao esmolol para a realização de angiotomografia e foi menos eficaz na terapia anti-hipertensiva de homens com disfunção erétil. Por fim, no que se refere a novos métodos de detecção ou intervenção terapêutica do uso do metoprolol, um estudo obteve sucesso na descoberta de um nova forma de quantificar o metoprolol no plasma de ratos, enquanto outro estudo recente, abordou considerações relevantes na terapia personalizada do fármaco, baseado no polimorfismo genético da cyp2d6. Conclusão: a presente revisão sistemática corrobora atualizações do uso do metoprolol encontradas na literatura atual, contribuindo para a instituição de terapêutica personalizada ao paciente portador de doença cardiovascular.
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