Objective: this study aims to show the practice of hospital dentistry in Brazil by reviewing scientific papers on this subject published in our country. Material and Methods: an integrative review of the literature, including Brazilian scientific papers addressing hospital dentistry in Brazil was carried out. Case reports, literature reviews and original research studies not performed with patients were excluded. Google scholar, Pubmed, Lilacs, Scopus and Scielo are the online databases used. Results: the following outcomes were obtained from the 28 studies retrieved in the search: 6 (21.4%) were performed with a control group; 17 (60.7%) were related to patients' oral health profile, 5 (17.9%) were questionnaire-based studies, 13 (46.4%) were performed with patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) 16 (57.1%) were performed in adults patients, in 21 (75%) studies the inpatients received some kind of oral examination with or without local intervention, and 4 (14.3%) studies involved collection of material for laboratory analysis. Conclusion: most part of the studies addressed patients admitted to ICUs. The participants of the studies, i.e., patients, companions or the health team, considered it necessary and relevant that dentists are present in a hospital environment and provide oral health care instructions to the inpatients and the nursing team. It is necessary to increase the number of studies in the area of hospital dentistry in Brazil.