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Background Health economic evaluations (HEEs) are effectively used to inform decision making in healthcare. We sought to assess the level of involvement of laboratory professionals (LPs) in HEEs of laboratory tests. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline (2013 to November 28, 2018) for original articles reporting HEEs of medical laboratory tests. Eligible studies were characterized by indication, utilization, region, setting, study design, primary outcome measures, and sponsorship. Authors were classified based on stated affiliation as clinician, scientist, public health expert, or LP. Results In total, 140 HEEs were included in the study, of which 24 (17.1%) had contributions from LPs. Studies were primarily focused on infectious disease (n = 68), oncology (n = 23), and cardiovascular disease (n = 16). Cost-utility or cost-effectiveness analyses (n = 117) were the most frequent study types, with effectiveness measured mainly in terms of quality-adjusted life-years (n = 57) and detected cases (n = 41). Overall, 76% of HEEs followed a social or health system perspective, whereas 15% took a hospital viewpoint. Partial or full funding was received from public health organizations or industry in 39% and 16% of studies, respectively. The involvement of LPs was associated with test utilization, secondary care, analytic perspective, and an immediate time horizon (all P < 0.05). Quality of studies was found to be lower in HEEs coauthored by LPs. Conclusion Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential to understanding the complexity of clinical pathways. HEEs are used effectively to inform healthcare decision making. The involvement of LPs in HEEs is low. This implies that laboratory expertise is frequently not considered in decision processes.

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agers, pharmacy staff, and pharmacy clients. The target population of this study was community pharmacies settled in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. The managerial team of the invited pharmacies must remain unchanged for at least three years ending to the study. Manager's and staff questionnaires contained questions about their job satisfaction, self assessment of knowledge, skills, and performance. Staff was also asked about manager's behavior. Client's questionnaire evaluated client's satisfaction with the pharmacy. Confirmatory factor analysis and correlation test were performed using SPSS 16.0.0. Results: Data from 187 pharmacies was gathered. Based on the results, applying strategy planning had significant relationship with financial (R= 0.204, p-value< 0.05) and societal results (R= 0.451, p-value < 0.01). Manager's behavior was significantly (p-value < 0.01) correlated with society, staff and client result (R= 0.234, 0.674 and 0.307, respectively). Staff's knowledge and skills was related with staff's satisfaction (R= 0.211, p-value < 0.01), society (R= 0.339, p-value < 0.01) and financial (R= 172, p-value < 0.05) result, but client's satisfaction correlation was only significant with technical pharmacist's skills (R= 0.275) and non-pharmaceutical knowledge (communication, information exchange, and ethics) (R= 0.301). ConClusions: Although community pharmacies, in Iran, suffer from low professionalization and health policy makers' inattention, results of this study are promising, because show that manger's can still affect pharmacy achievements by improving their behavior, knowledge and skills. PHP175CHaraCter of toxiC Damage of Liver in infLuenCes of substanCes of meDiator to fetaL CeLLs on HePatoCytes in aCute Liver faiLure