Invasive macrophytes are considered problematic in natural environments and hydroelectric reservoirs. Climate changes, the occurrence of watercourses, and biotic interactions influence the biological invasion of macrophytes. Native species can correlate with invasives positively or negatively. Urochloa subquadripara is an invasive in natural or disturbed habitats co-occurring with the natives Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia minima. Aquatic plant communities can be altered by climate change, so species distribution models (SDMs) are important tools for predicting in-vaded areas. This work aimed to make an SDM for U. subquadripara correlating with the poten-tial distribution of native species E. crassipes and S. minima. Occurrence data for U. subquadripara, E. crassipes, and S. minima were collected from databases and in consultation with the published literature. Parameters encompassing biological information of the species were entered into the CLIMEX software and used to generate the Ecoclimatic Index (EI). The species co-occurrence was performed based on multicriteria decision-making (MCDM), and weights were assigned using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). It was observed that U. subquadripara, E. crassipes, and S. minima have a higher occurrence in tropical and subtropical regions; however, it is predicted that, from climatic changes, these species may move to high latitudes. According to climate change, the risk of invasion by U. subquadripara in the northern hemisphere is mainly in lakes, while in the southern hemisphere, the areas conducive to invasions are rivers and reservoirs. In general, emerging and floating macrophyte species such as U. subquadripara, E. crassipes, and S. minima will be favored, causing suppression of submerged species. Therefore, identifying the potential distribution of these species allows the creation of pre-invasion intervention strategies.

This paper describes an extended well test (EWT) campaign using intelligent completions in a presalt reservoir. Brazil is recognized as a promising deepwater province because of large oil discoveries in the presalt polygon. One such discovery contains an estimated eight billion barrels of recoverable oil and is considered to be one of the largest fields recently identified. Several challenges and risks are associated with ensuring economic returns, such as properly constructing wells and extracting value from their lifecycles. Most presalt fields contain thick carbonate reservoirs with significant variations in vertical permeability and unknown behavior affecting long-term production. Most of those uncertainties can be reduced using extended well testing; however, the solution implemented uses multizone completions to perform EWT, providing a new level of reservoir understanding. To better understand reservoir behavior during production, several options were analyzed for the first EWT to help minimize uncertainties concerning the extensive pay zone. Drilling wells provides valuable rock and formation knowledge; however, this information is not sufficient to simulate formation flow behavior during the field lifecycle and reduce production uncertainties. In addition, current oil market conditions imposed another challenge to maximize output during EWT, impacting some well designs and the campaign strategy. A triple-zone intelligent completion was envisioned as the optimum solution to be applied for properly understanding how each interval would behave under production or injection. EWT was performed on two producers and one injector. Based on project requirements, gas and water had to be reinjected into the reservoir. Additionally, using two producers allowed the operator to maximize oil output while performing the EWT with production details from each zone rather than the entire well. Both producers were completed with dual-zone intelligent completions systems because of technical limitations, while the injector was completed as planned with three zones. Proper planning, preparation, and experience from other projects contributed to the campaign success in such a challenging exploratory completion. During preparation, several evaluations and studies were performed to help ensure the proper technology was selected and the system could withstand the extremely high flow rates with high scaling potential expected along with other flow assurance concerns. A future commissioning campaign in this field should allow further evaluation of the applicability of this concept to other fields, which is promising for reservoir evaluation studies.