Our study confirms the high diagnostic value of RH, SDH, and signs of impact for the differential diagnosis between AT and IHI. The evaluation of head injuries in infants requires a high level of awareness and thorough and systematic examination by a trained multidisciplinary team.

SSDHI exists but is rare and cannot be diagnosed unless NAHI has been questioned thoroughly. The absence of traumatic features is not sufficient, and positive elements like macrocrania, arachnoidomegaly, or severe dehydration are necessary for the diagnosis of SSDHI.

IntroductionThe outlook of pediatric hydrocephalus has spectacularly improved over the past decades; however, the adult outcome is still poorly documented. Determining the healthcare profile of these patients is important in order to organize the management of this growing population. We decided to review our pediatric hydrocephalus database for pediatric patients treated for hydrocephalus and followed up into adulthood.MethodsOur institution has a virtual monopoly for pediatric hydrocephalus, serving a four-million-plus population; the transition to adult care is also managed in the same institution. We retrospectively reviewed patients younger than 18 treated for hydrocephalus since 1980 and followed up beyond the age of 20.ResultsWe reviewed 456 patients, with a mean initial age of 55.6 months, and followed up for a mean of 24.2 years. In 81 patients (17.8%), the last shunt operation occurred after 20 years; 22 of these (4.9% of the total) having never been revised earlier. Sixteen patients (3.5%) could be weaned of their shunt. Thirteen patients died in adult age, 5 of these dying of shunt-related causes. The most prominent sequels were motor (46.5%) and cognitive (47.6%); only 82 patients (18.0%) had no sequel at all. Intelligence quotient values were ≥80 in 54.5% of tested patients; however, schooling was normal in only 41.4%, and only 33.7% was employed in the competitive labor market.ConclusionAdults treated for hydrocephalus in childhood require a life-long follow-up. Late mortality is low but not null, morbidity is high, and many patients require shunt surgery during adulthood. The transition from child to adult neurosurgery needs to be organized for these vulnerable patients.

No abstract