ABSTRACT. Nationally known in Brazil, the jabuticabeira or jabuticaba tree produces fruits of wide commercial acceptance. However, little use of jabuticaba in commercial orchards and large genetic erosion of jabuticaba caused by human activities in its habitats have been historically observed. Thus, the goal of this study was to characterize fruits of the jabuticaba tree (Plinia cauliflora) in a forest fragment maintained in southwestern Paraná State in an attempt to identify trees with superior fruits for future selection as cultivars or male genitors. To this end, 15 variables linked to sensory and biochemical characteristics of harvested fruits were analysed during two years of production. Twenty percent of the genotypes that showed the highest frequency of superiority in the evaluated characteristics were preselected for analysis. The quality of the analysed fruits indicated their potential for use. Thus, this work resulted in the preselection of jabuticaba genotypes 7, 42, 43, 47, 54, 91, 97, 104, 105, 118, 134, 153, 154, 157, 163, 169, 177, 186, 212, J7-01, and J7-02, with 16 and 194 the only genotypes that had already been selected for superior characteristics during both growing cycles.Keywords: Myrtaceae, phenotypic variability, biochemical characteristics. Aspectos de qualidade sensorial e nutracêutica de frutos de Plinia caulifloraRESUMO. Nacionalmente conhecida, a jabuticabeira possui frutos de ampla aceitação comercial. Todavia, o que se viu historicamente foi a pouca utilização da mesma em pomares comerciais e a ampla erosão genética ocorrida pela ação antrópica em seus habitats. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar frutos de jabuticabeiras (P. cauliflora) de fragmento florestal mantido no sudoeste do Estado do Paraná, buscando-se identificar aquelas denominadas superiores para seleção como futuro cultivar ou genitor masculino. Para tal, foram analisadas 15 variáveis ligadas as características sensoriais e bioquímicas que os frutos colhidos apresentaram durante dois anos de produção. Como critério de pré-seleção foi adotada a escolha de 20% dos genótipos que apresentaram a maior frequência de superioridade nas características avaliadas. A qualidade das frutas analisadas demonstrou potencialidade para uso. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho permitiu pré-selecionar as jabuticabeiras 7, 42, 43, 47, 54, 91, 97, 104, 105, 118, 134, 153, 154, 157, 163, 169, 177, 186, 212, J7-01 e J7-02, sendo a 16 e 194 as únicas que já podem ser selecionadas pelas características de superioridade entre ambos ciclos.Palavras-chave: Myrtaceae, variabilidade fenotípica, características bioquímicas.

The Ilyonectria radicicola species complex (A.A. Hildebr.) A. Cabral and Crous 2011 contains species of soilborne necrotrophic plant pathogens. The most aggressive to ginseng roots is I. mors-panacis, whereas I. robusta, I. crassa, I. panacis and I. radicicola are less aggressive. Infected ginseng roots show orange-red to black-brown lesions that can expand into a severe root rot, known as disappearing root rot, where only epidermal root tissue remains. Leaves become red-brown with wilting, and stems can have vascular discoloration with black-brown lesions at the base. Less aggressive Ilyonectria species trigger jasmonic acid (JA)-related defenses inducing host ginsenosides, pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, wound periderm, and cell wall thickening. In contrast, I. mors-panacis triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) and salicylic acid (SA) production but suppresses JA-related defenses and ginsenoside accumulation. It is also able to suppress SA-related PR protein production. Virulence factors include potential effectors that may suppress PAMP (Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns) triggered immunity (PTI), polyphenoloxidases, Hsp90 inhibitors, siderophores and cell-wall-degrading enzymes, such as pectinases. Overall, I. mors-panacis appears to be more aggressive because it can suppress JA and SA-related PTI allowing for more extensive colonization of ginseng roots. While many possible mechanisms of host resistance and pathogen virulence mechanisms have been examined, there is a need for using genetic approaches, such as RNAi silencing of genes of Panax or Ilyonectria, to determine their importance in the interaction.

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This work aimed to perform the morphological and molecular characterization of 31 land races varieties and 9 cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Morphological characters were evaluated during seedling, flowering, physiological maturation and post-harvest maturation stages. Ten microsatellite markers were used for molecular screening. The markers were analyzed according to the number of alleles per locus, the allele frequency per locus and the polymorphism in content (PIC). Genetic distances and cluster analysis were performed using the Bayesian inference and the UPGMA method. All black beans evaluated have anthocyanin in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and stem, and their flowers are purple. For the growth habit, 50% of the evaluated genotypes belong to the type III and there is a predominance of yellow color in the pods (85%) at the physiological maturation stage. Through the genetic dissimilarity it was possible to discriminate three groups for the Likelihood reason and six groups through the UPGMA method, these results indicate a wide genetic diversity among the evaluated genotypes.