Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a topic of interest among information technology innovators. As AI is refined, practical uses of the technology to improve the transfer of information are increasingly investigated, developed, and adopted in a variety of public environments, including in libraries. Given the relatively recent emergence of AI in this respect, it presents an opportunity to investigate the emergence of public perceptions toward the innovation and the relationship this holds with the adoption of emerging technologies, as envisioned in Roger's Diffusion of Innovations model. This study describes the results of a survey of practicing librarians regarding the adopter category (innovator, early adopter, early majority, late majority, laggard) with which they identify and the relationship of this identification with perceived knowledge and perceptions of AI technology within and outside the library environment. The findings of this survey have both theoretical implications for the Diffusion model within the library technology context as well as practical implications for supporting the process of diffusion of emerging technologies among academic library employees.Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technological innovation of increasing interest to the general public as well as within the academic library environment. 1 Given the early stage in the development of this technology and its adoption for public use, there is a unique opportunity to examine a cross-section of librarians regarding the Diffusion of Innovations model and perceptions of AI. No study of this extent has yet been published in the scholarly literature in library and information science (LIS). Such an examination may prove beneficial both to the understanding of diffusion of innovations theory as well as perceptions of academic library employees toward AI in general. The findings may assist academic library administrators and tech-inclined employees as they aim to garner greater receptiveness among colleagues toward adopting AI technology in their libraries.Artificial intelligence (AI) can be defined in many ways, as noted throughout scholarly and general literature, including a recent article published in Forbes. 2 Russell and Norvig, in

Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the emerging trends and applications of computing in libraries. It involves programming computers to do things, which if done by humans, would be said to require intelligence. The ultimate promise of artificial intelligence in libraries is to develop computer systems or machines that think, behave, and in fact rival human intelligence, and this clearly has major implications on librarianship. The application of artificial intelligence in the library has become pervasive. They include expert systems for reference services, book reading and shelf-reading robots, virtual reality for immersive learning among others. Although the incorporation of artificial intelligence in libraries can be perceived to alienate librarians from their users, it will probably help libraries do more rather than taking over the jobs of librarians. It will enhance their services delivery. Artificial intelligence will greatly improve library operations and services and will upgrade and heighten the relevance of libraries in an ever-changing digital society.

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This chapter explored the concept and application of blockchain technology in libraries and information centers. Blockchain is one of the emerging technologies thriving in the fourth industrial revolution. It is the application of cryptography for creating a time-stamped, immutable, and dynamic database, distributed across nodes in a network. Although its emergence began with cryptocurrencies, advancement in this technology has given birth to a fourth generation of blockchain with industrial disruptive capabilities, cutting across various fields including library and information science. Accordingly, the application of blockchain in libraries and information centers was thoroughly examined. Specifically, the chapter underscored the application of blockchain in circulation services, collection development, storage and archiving of records, research data management, cataloging and classification, indexing and abstracting, digital first right (DFR), etc. Lastly, the merits and demerits of blockchain in libraries and information centers were furnished accordingly.