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Scarcity of nitrogenous resource and buffering capability were recognized as reverting failure in earlier research treating petrochemical wastewater in anaerobic continuous stirred tank reactors. The purpose of this work is to explore the use of ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) as supplementation ensuring nitrogenous supply and buffering requirement. With a view to measure the effect of NH4HCO3 on the anaerobic process, a set of dosing up to 40 mg L-1 was examined. The result was evaluated in terms of biogas yield. It was found that 10 mg L-1 dosing was the optimal dosing without affecting methanogenesis. Moreover, mathematical calculation explained that this optimum dosing can enhance biogas yield up to 27.77% compared to control PWW digestion. Results showed an obvious financial advantage to make the industrial application feasible.

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Tropical residual soil is a product of chemical weathering, thus its characteristics are dependent upon environmental factors such as parent rocks, climate, topography and age. This type of soil can be found in many countries all over the world, especially in the tropical region. Since there are many accident happens due to slope failure, a comprehensive laboratory study need to be conducted in order to determine the properties of soil located at Pahang Matriculation College. Several experiments involving physical index and engineering properties of soil are conducted. The typical tropical residual properties are showed and can be considered as sandy SILT of high plasticity.