Flexible, lightweight, low-power, and low-cost displays are an active area of interest in the electronics community. In this work, we have developed a composite electrothermochromic material consisting of silver nanowires (Ag NWs) and thermochromic powders, which exhibits reversible color (phase) change during biasing due to Joule heating. A wide variety of color combinations are possible with suitable thermochromic material selection. We have formulated this composite material as a printable ink so that patterned deposition can be achieved in a single step. A low processing temperature of 100 °C makes the composite compatible with a wide range of flexible substrates such as paper and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The material (encapsulated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)) exhibits good flexibility and is observed to be functional after 10 000 bending cycles with <7% resistance change. We have fabricated a low-power seven-segment color display to show the material’s suitability for practical display applications. We have also demonstrated that the same layer can function as a display and as a touch sensor because of its conducting and chromatic properties without additional active layers on top. The material is suitable for the fabrication of low-cost, flexible touch color displays for interactive electronic readers, digital posters, and flexible digital signboards.
A planar monopole antenna with a super wideband frequency range covering a wide range of applications and compatible with MIMO applications is duly proposed. Compactness, i.e., reduction of size, is achieved following compatibility with MIMO application and also with SWB (Super Wide Band) applications. The bandwidth achieved is in the band range from 2 GHz to 20 GHz with a ratio of 1:10. Compactness in terms of size of the antenna is achieved, dimensions being 40mm*30mm. FR4 substrate is used in the design of the antenna, having a relative permittivity of 4.4. A hexagonal structure with an ellipse added on top is made as to the radiating element with at a per feed having a width of 3.1mm feeding an input of 50ohm into the antenna. Parasitic elements are introduced on the substrate for the design of the antenna.DGS techniques have been used in the semicircular structure of the partial ground plane of the antenna. A dual-port antenna supporting MIMO applications is therefore achieved by replicating the antenna described above on a horizontal plane with a 90-degree shift and hence accommodating both the vertical and horizontal polarization at the transmitting and receiving side as well.
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