Cytoreductive prostatectomy had gained a lot of interest in treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) but this treatment approach is still in the experimental phase. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to shed light on the merits of cytoreductive radical prostatectomy compared to systemic and radiation therapy in treatment of mPCa. In February 2021, summary data from 12 original research papers covering 100,973 patients is abstracted. PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were all reviewed and 12 publications were chosen for inclusion. The evaluated outcomes were 1-, 3-, and 5-year Cancer-Specific (CSS) and overall survival (OS) rates. Cytoreductive radical prostatectomy had significantly higher survival rate for 1-year (OR: 3.03; 95% CI: 2.30–3.98; p < 0.001), 3-year (OR: 2.47; 95% CI: 2.14–3.51; p < 0.001), and 5-year CSS rates (OR: 2.90; 95% CI: 2.10–4.01; p < 0.001) than systemic therapy in mPCa. Higher significant rates of 1-year (OR: 2.35; 95% CI: 1.65–3.36; p < 0.001), three-year (OR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.96–2.60; p < 0.001), and 5-year OS rates (OR: 2.54; 95% CI: 2.10–3.08; p < 0.001) were also detected for cytoreductive radical prostatectomy compared to systemic therapy. There were no significant differences in 1-year (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.88–1.66; p = 0.25), 3-year (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.92–1.59; p = 0.18), and 5-year CSS rates (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.58–1.42; p = 0.67) between cytoreductive radical prostatectomy and radiation in mPCa patients. Also, no significant differences in 1-year (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.77–1.47; p = 0.71), 3-year (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.60–1.14; p = 0.25), and 5-year OS rates (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 0.76–4.45; p = 0.18) were detected between cytoreductive radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy. Cytoreductive radical prostatectomy had significantly higher 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS and OS rates compared to systemic therapy. Comparable CSS and OS rates were found between cytoreductive radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy.

Background: Cytoreductive radical nephrectomy (cRN) with immunotherapy is the treatment of choice in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Limited data are available on the role of cytoreductive partial nephrectomy (cPN) in mRCC. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence regarding survival rates comparing cPN versus cRN. Methods: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were reviewed in December 2021 according to PRISMA. Four articles including 2669 patients were selected to enroll in the study. The identified reports were reviewed and their methodological quality was subjected to total quality assessment. The outcomes were cancer specific survival (CSS) and overall survival rate (OS). Results: Totally 2669 patients, 542 in cPN and 2127 in cRN groups enrolled in final analysis. Of the preoperative data, there were significant differences in preoperative size of tumor between cRN and cPN patients ( p < 0.001), however Fuhrman grades were comparable between groups (low grade: p =  0.51, high grade: p =  0.76). There were comparable results in 1-year ( p =  0.07), 2-year ( p =  0.08), and 3-year ( p =  0.71) CSS rates between cPN versus cRN. There was no significant difference between cPN versus cRN in OS rate ( p =  0.61). Conclusion: There are comparable results between cPN and cRN in CSS and OS rate. However, due to a lack of data, future study will need to do more extensive studies using prospectively recorded patient features to evaluate the cPN and cRN in the metastatic setting.