Background: Covid-19 infection potentially affects pregnancy, its outcomes and may lead to maternal and neonatal complications. Objective: To investigate and compare the pregnancy outcomes and feto-maternal complications among covid-19 infected and non-infected women. Study Design: Prospective study. Setting: Shaikh Zaid Women Hospital, Shaheed Mohatarma Benazeer Bhutto Medical University, Larkana. Duration: From August 2021 to February 2022. Material and Methods: A sample of 204 pregnant women of age 18-50 years was taken and sorted as either having covid-19 (n= 90) or without covid-19 (n= 114). They presented in 3rd trimester with single fetus. Exclusion criteria were having haemoglobinopathy, malpresentation, placental abruption or other pregnancy risks. The rt-PCR used to test infection status. Data collected through a pre-designed questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS Version-25. Results: The maternal age ranged between 28 to 39 years with a mean ± SD age of 30.3 ± 6.66 which did not differ in two groups. Lower gestational age was of the covid-19 infection group i-e; 34.75 ± 1.54 weeks then covid-19 negative (37.01 ± 2.14 weeks; p value < 0.001). Most common covid-19 symptoms were fever at admission (79%) dry persistent cough (51%), malaise (21%) and dyspnea (22%). More caesarean sections (52.22%; n = 47) in covid-19 +ve group noted than covid-19 negative (34.21%; n = 39). PIH, preeclampsia/ eclampsia, preterm labor, infections which needed antibiotics therapy and referral for higher dependency care (p values = 0.059, 0.003, 0.893, 0.179 and 0.002 respectively) and preterm birth, LBW, SGA, fetal distress, admission for neonatal rususciation/ ICU and fetal death (p values = 0.433, 0.136, 0.877, 0.79 0.436 and 0.428 respectively) were more frequent among covid-19 positive group. Conclusion: Pregnancy with convid-19 face relatively more unwanted outcomes, maternal and neonatal complications compared to the covid-19 negatives. Antenatal and full range of obstetric and medical care of such cases is highly recommended to achieve better outcomes. Keywords: Pregnancy, Covid-19, feto-maternal outcomes, preterm birth, caesarean section.

Introduction: Vesicovaginal fistulae is abnormal communication between bladder and vagina that cause continous dribling of urine. It is physically, mentally and socially distressing condition. There are various approaches for surgeries of these urogenital fistulae with different success-rate that depend upon the experience of surgeon and surgical procedures. This study can help us to estimate the success rate of layered repair with graft in vaginal route to make stragedy to adopted in severe patient. Objective: To determine frequency of success in surgery on vesic-ovaginal fistulae by layered closured with graft repair procedures among patients admitted in Isra University. Setting: Obstetrics & Gynecology department in Isra university hospital Duration: 6 months from 10.2.2014 to 10.8.2014 Study Design: Case series Subject and methods: A total of 100 patients after having surgery for vesicovaginal fistula by layered closure with graft repair was included in this study. History and examination of all subjects were taken. The follow up visit was planned after 3 weeks of surgery. All women was questioned for recurrence of continuous urinary leakage and that without such symptoms proved by absence of leakage on methylene blue dye test was labeled as ‘success’. Results: - Frequency of success in surgery on vesic-ovaginal fistulae by layered closured with graft repair procedures was observed in 88% cases. Conclusion: The success rate of VVF repair by layered closured with graft repair procedures is high. It is concluded that obstetric urogenital fistula is a preventable condition. Keywords: Vesicovaginal fistulae, Layered closured, Graft repair, urogenital fistula