During initial plant development stage, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the balance of salts in the substrate used for the production of 10 hybrids from the cross between ‘Sunki’ mandarin (TSKC) and ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (CTSW), all with potential to be used as rootstock. ‘Rangpur Santa Cruz’ lime, ‘Sunki Tropical’ mandarin and the hybrid LVK (‘Volkamer’ lemon) x LCR (‘Rangpur’ lime) - 038 were included as controls, totaling 13 genotypes. Substrate samples were collected in the experiment conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus of Pombal, from December 2015 to June 2016. Two levels of irrigation water salinity were tested, using a 2 x 13 factorial scheme, with 4 replicates. The substrate was a mixture of vermiculite, pine bark and humus (1:1:1). For the salinity level of 3 dS m-1, the substrate is less salinized when cultivated with the hybrids TSKC x CTSW - 044, TSKC x CTSW - 045, TSKC x CTSW - 048, TSKC x CTSW - 049 and ‘Rangpur Santa Cruz’ lime. On the other hand, highest salt concentration was obtained in the substrate cultivated with TSKC x CTSW - 042, TSKC x CTSW - 047, TSKC x CTSW - 048, TSKC x CTSW - 053, TSKC x CTSW - 055 and TSKC x CTSW - 057.
Annona squamosa is one of the most promising fruit trees in the fresh fruit market, due to its ability to adapt to edaphoclimatics, making it a good economic prospect. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the growth and physiology of Annona squamosa seedlings under doses of bovine manure and irrigation depths. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment, evaluating five irrigation depths and three doses of bovine manure, arranged in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme, in randomized blocks, with four replications and one plant per plot. The irrigation depths studied were 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140% of the actual evapotranspiration - ETr and three doses of bovine manure 0, 7.5 and 15% of the container capacity. The use of bovine manure and the management of irrigation positively influenced the gas exchange of the pine tree in its seedling phase. The supply of bovine manure at a dose of 7.5% positively influenced the growth of pine seedlings up to 54 DAT, thus being able to be used as a source of nutrients for the growth and physiology of pine.
A análise germinativa em sementes de coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.) tem o intuito de avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes para fins de semeadura e comercialização de lotes. Diante disso, a pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a germinação de sementes comerciais de coentro. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Serra Talhada, PE. Foram utilizadas duas variedades do coentro (Verdão e Portuguesa), sendo empregados dois tratamentos e dez repetições, contendo 30 sementes cada um. A semeadura foi feita em bandejas de isopor contento 200 células, preenchidas com o substrato comercial. Cada semente de coentro foi colocada no centro de cada célula da bandeja, na profundidade de um centímetro, sendo irrigadas diariamente. Adotou-se o Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado (DIC). Para realizar as avaliações, foi coletada diariamente a quantidade de sementes emergidas. Os parâmetros avaliados foram porcentagem de emergência (PE), tempo médio de emergência (TME) e velocidade média de emergência (VME). Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, com a significância testada através do teste de Tukey, com até 5% de probabilidade. Verificou-se que a variedade Verdão diferenciou significativamente da variedade Portuguesa, concluindo assim que a porcentagem de emergência das variedades de coentro não condiz com o indicado pelo fabricante.
<p>O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a atratividade de diferentes aromas adicionados a alimentação artificial energética de abelhas <em>Apis mellifera</em>. O delineamento experimental usado foi DIC no qual constou de 11 tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos os aromas tutti-frutte, erva-doce, maracujá, café, baunilha, morango, amarula, menta, cereja, coco e testemunha (sem aroma) e as repetições foram considerados os dias de coleta de dados. Foram feitas observações do fluxo de abelhas a cada cinco minutos fazendo o registro fotográfico para contagem das mesmas. O período de observação ao longo do dia foi de 20 minutos sendo realizado no horário da manhã. Observamos que no decorrer do trabalho o fluxo das abelhas foi aumentando gradativamente em todas as essências a cada repetição sendo que essência que mais atraiu as abelhas foi a amarula (em media 147 abelhas), não deferindo da essência da baunilha, porém a baunilha não diferiu das demais essências.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Influence of essences in energy artificial food the bees attractiveness Apis mellifera</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the attractiveness of Apis mellifera by energy added artificial feeding of different aromas. The experimental design used was DIC in which consisted of 11 treatments and four replications, and the treatments the tutti-frutte aromas, fennel, passion fruit, coffee, vanilla, strawberry, amarula, mint, cherry, coconut and control (without aroma) and repetitions were considered the days of data collection. Observations of bees stream samples were collected every five minutes making the photographic record to count them. The observation period throughout the day was 20 minutes being held in the morning hours. We note that during the work flow of bees has been increasing gradually in all essences with each repetition being that essence that attracted the bees was amarula (on average 147 bees), not deferring the essence of vanilla, but vanilla did not differ the other essences.</p>
This study aimed to evaluate the growth and physiology of citrus scion/rootstock combinations irrigated with saline water until the pre-flowering stage. The experiment was conducted in drainage lysimeters with capacity for 150 dm3, in randomized block design in a 2 x 10 factorial scheme, corresponding to two electrical conductivities of water (S1 = 0.3 and S2 = 3.0 dS m-1) and ten scion/rootstock combinations (nine hybrids and one commercial variety) grafted with Tahiti lime, in three repetitions and one plant per plot. Grafted seedlings were transplanted one year after sowing, subjected to salt stress from 15 days after transplanting until the pre-flowering period, and evaluated for gas exchanges and growth. The irrigation with 3.0 dS m-1 saline water did not influence the photosynthetic activity of the studied citrus scion/rootstock combinations until the pre-flowering. The genotype Santa Cruz Rangpur lime (LCRSTC) was more sensitive to irrigation water salinity in terms of growth. The least sensitive combinations to salinity were Tahiti lime grafted onto TSKFL x (LCR x TR) - 018, TSKFL x TRBK - 011 and TSKFL x TRBK - 30.
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