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Organophosphate poisoning is a common cause of severe morbidity and mortality among patients admitted to emergency departments. Tissue damages as a consequence of organophosphate poisoning are frequently reported, but preventing this potentially severe complication has not been the subject of much research. We tested whether interleukin-10, a cytoprotective agent, could prevent or diminish pathological signs of tissue damages caused by organophosphate poisoning. Thirty rats were divided into three equal groups (n = 10). Group 1 (sham) did not receive any agent during the experiment. Group 2 (control) received 0.8 g/kg of fenthion intraperitoneally, followed by 6 ml/kg of intraperitoneal normal saline 30 min. and 3 hr later. Group 3 (treatment) received 0.8 g/kg of fenthion intraperitoneally, followed by 2 µ g/kg of interleukin-10 intraperitoneally 30 min. and 3 hr later. All rats were killed under anaesthesia after 6 hr and tissue samples were obtained from liver, kidneys and lungs. Even organophosphate poisonings do not cause significant clinical problems; several degrees of damages could be observed in liver, kidneys and lungs. These damages could be reduced by interleukin-10 treatment.

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Background: Because of the poor sensitivity of urinary cytological findings for the diagnosis of especially low grade urinary bladder carcinoma, new molecular diagnostic methods have been proposed. We decided to verify the ImmunoCyt/uCyt+ (UCyt+™) test and cytology combination and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and cytology combination in urine as possible diagnostic and monitoring tool for bladder cancer.Methods: Evaluation of CK20 expression and UCyt+™ was performed in urine of 90 patients of which 54 with bladder cancer with primary/recurrent diagnosis (low grade urothelial carcinoma (LGUC) = 23/8 patients, high grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) = 18/5 patients), and 36 patients as control; except of neoplastic bladder disease patients. For the evaluation of the three tests, CK20 and UCyt+™ tests were combined with urine cytology and compared with each other. Results:The overall sensitivity detected for each tumor marker was as follows: for urine cytology was 75.9% and UCyt+™ was 83.3%, for CK20 70.4%, while the specificity was 66.7% for urine cytology and 86.1% for UCyt+™ and 83.3% for CK20. The sensitivity of cytology and UCyt+™ combination was higher (88.9%) than the sensitivity cytology and CK20 combination (77.8%). The simultaneous use of the three markers, sensitivity was reaching 92.5%. Conclusion:The UCyt+™ test and CK20 expression are valid tools for the performance of adjunctive analyses with conventional cytologic examination.

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