Mucormycosis is a deep invasive mycotic infection caused byMucorales fungi and typically affects people with a weakened immune system [1]. The most common conditions that predispose patients to mucormycosis are diabetes mellitus with or without ketoacidosis, hematological or other malignancies, transplantation, iron overload, corticosteroid use, trauma, prolonged neutropenia, and malnutrition [2]. The mode of contamination is the inhalation of fungal spores [3]. The infection can spread to the orbital and intracranial structures either by direct invasion or through the blood vessels. Oral mucormycosis usually affects the paranasal sinuses or nasal area, and severe infection of the paranasal sinuses can lead to palatal necrosis and/or ulceration [4]. Warning signs include cranial nerve palsy, sinus pain, proptosis, diplopia, periorbital edema, orbital apex syndrome, and palatine ulceration. Any of these symptoms should prompt additional testing, such as blood tests, imaging, exploratory ocular and/ or sinus surgery, diagnostic endoscopy, and the start of antifungal therapy [5].Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for mucormycosis [6]. Even patients who have a well-controlled diabetes with no underlying immunosuppressant risk factors are still at risk for mucormycosis infection [7]. Traditionally considered rare, this invasive fungal infection is beginning to become a concern in the COVID-19 pandemic era and with the increasing prevalence of diabetes globally [3]. Medical professionals are also facing additional challenges in the early diagnosis and treatment of this invasive fungal infection during the current COVID-19 pandemic.Among the medical professionals involved in managing patients with mucormycosis, maxillofacial prosthodontists are responsible for prosthetic restoration of lost oral and maxillofacial structures, helping patients to socialize and have an acceptable quality of life after surgical treatment. The purpose of this review is to raise awareness about the expected increase in mucormycosis cases, the associated morbidities, and the role played by maxillofacial prosthodontists in rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) can be triggered by several antiresorptive and antiangiogenic medications, including bisphosphonates (BRONJ), denosumab (DRONJ), and other agents used to treat osteoporosis and metastatic bone cancer. Prosthodontists and surgeons continue to face new challenges because of this condition. Despite the current evidence showing that extensive surgical intervention and laser surgery have the highest healing rates, surgical reconstruction is not always possible for large jaw defects requiring prosthetic reconstruction. Moreover, surgical treatment may not be an option in some patients because of other medical conditions. In these patients, MRONJ may develop into a chronic disease with limited resolution and they may seek prosthetic rehabilitation for aesthetic and functional reasons. Therefore, prosthetic intervention may be necessary for some patients with MRONJ even in the absence of a surgical defect. Denture trauma has been reported to be a risk factor for MRONJ, and few reports have discussed the prosthodontic considerations needed for patients with this condition. The aim of this review is to highlight the prosthodontic considerations that would decrease the risk of triggering MRONJ in susceptible patients.

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