Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive lung disease that leads to gradual decline in lung function. The molecular mechanism and risk factors of this disease are still obscure. Poorly understood etiology of this disease is the major obstacle in the identification of potential biomarkers and drug targets. In this study, microarray gene expression data of normal and IPF patient has been utilized for the statistical analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a view to identifying potential molecular signatures using network-based system. Then their functional enrichment analysis revealed their predominant involvement in transcription, protein acetylation, extracellular matrix organization, apoptic process, inflammatory response etc. Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network revealed (UBC, PTEN, SOS1, PTK2, FGFR1, YAP1, FOXO1, RACK1, BMP4 and CD44) as hub proteins in IPF. Subsequent regulatory network analysis suggested (E2F1, STAT3, PPARG, MEF2A, FOXC1, GATA3, YY1, GATA2, NFKB1, and FOXL1) as the best regulatory transcriptional signatures and (hsa-mir-155-5p, hsa-mir-16-5p, hsa-mir-17-5p, hsa-mir-19a-3p, hsa-mir-192-5p, hsa-mir-92a-3p, hsa-mir-26b-5p, hsa-mir-335-5p, hsa-mir-124-3p, and hsa-let-7b-5p) as the best post-transcriptional signatures. This study represents proteome and RNA signatures of IPF which might be useful to uphold the present efforts in the discovery of potential biomarkers and treatments of this disease.

Rationale: Many patients respond inadequately to antidepressant drug treatment; the search for alternate pharmacological treatment mechanisms is ongoing. Until the 1950's, opium was sometimes used to treat depression, but eventually abandoned due to addiction risk. Recent insights into opioid biology have sparked a renewed interest in the potential antidepressant properties of opioids. Objective: We studied how mu (MOR), kappa (KOR) and delta (DOR) opioid receptor ligands affect the dysregulation of motivated behavior (progressive ratio responding; PR), stresscoping behavior (forced swim test; FST) and hippocampal neurogenesis in rats, all induced by the back-translational interferon-alpha (IFN-α)-induced depression model. Methods: Male Wistar rats (3-months old, 8/group) were treated with recombinant human IFNα (170,000 IU/kg, 3 times/week) or saline. Ligands of the MOR, KOR and DOR receptors were administered as follows: a single subcutaneous dose, 30min before PR and 1h before FST, of the MOR agonist morphine (full agonist; 5mg/kg), the partial agonist RDC 2944 (0.1mg/kg) and the antagonist, cyprodime (10mg/kg); of the KOR agonist, U50 488 (5mg/kg), the antagonist, DIPPA (10mg/kg); and the DOR agonist, SNC 80 (20mg/kg) and antagonist naltrindole (10mg/kg). After 4 days of treatment with the mitotic BrdU marker, hippocampi were harvested and analysed for neurogenesis. Fluoxetine (10 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks, orally) served as control for assay sensitivity in the FST. Results: The KOR antagonist, DIPPA, the DOR agonist SNC 80 and fluoxetine reversed the IFN-αinduced immobility increase in the FST. The MOR agonist, morphine, the KOR antagonist DIPPA, and the KOR agonist U50 488 reduced the IFN-α-induced increase in the breakpoint in the PR. The DOR agonist SNC 80 recovered the IFN-α-induced decrease in BrdU+ hippocampal cells. Conclusion: Opioid receptors mediate different aspects of the IFN-α-induced dysregulation of motivational and stress-coping behaviors and hippocampal neurogenesis in a backtranslational model of depression. KORs and DORs appear to play more prominent roles in 3 torpor-inertia-type behaviors, whereas DORs appear more involved in the regulation of neurogenesis.

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An investigation was made on growth and yield performance of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) under different organic manures and fertilizers at the Horticulture Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from October 2017 to March 2018 to investigate the effect of organic manures on the growth and yield of cabbage. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Result of the experiment revealed that the different combinations of organic manure significantly influenced all the parameters studied. Maximum marketable yield per hectare (55.5 ton) was obtained when T5(cowdung @ 2 t/hectare + compost @ 2.5 t/hectare + mustard oil cake @ 0.25 t/hectare + poultry manure 1.8 t /hectare) was applied, while the lowest was obtained from the control treatment. So T5(cowdung @ 2 t/hectare + compost @ 2.5 t/hectare + mustard oil cake @ 0.25 t/hectare + poultry manure 1.8 t /hectare) was found suitable for growth and yield of cabbage.