Background: Acute kidney injury is a frequent consequence among intensive care unit cases with severe illness (ICU). It is currently considered that the incidence of acute kidney injury is substantially higher than previously anticipated, with over fifty percent of ICU cases having acute kidney injury at some stage during critical illness. More than fifty percent of ICU cases with acute kidney injury and multiorgan failure are reported to die. Those requiring renal replacement treatment (RRT) have a mortality rate of up to 80 percent. Acute kidney injury is defined by an abrupt, hours-to-days-long decline in kidney function, leading in the buildup of waste products. Objective: This review article aimed to assess and examine Cases in ICU with acute kidney injury. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct for information on acute kidney injury, ICU, Kidney, Liver function and RRT. However, only the most current or comprehensive study from May 2011 to November 2022 was considered. The authors also assessed references from pertinent literature. Documents in languages other than English have been disregarded since there are not enough resources for translation. Unpublished manuscripts, oral presentations, conference abstracts, and dissertations were examples of papers that were not considered to be serious scientific research. Conclusion: Acute kidney injury is responsible for poor outcome in hospitalised cases. In critical cases, the underlying cause of acute kidney injury is renal hypoperfusion during shock episodes. Therefore, prevention is the most effective therapy.

Spring-assisted cranioplasty (SAC) for the treatment of craniosynostosis uses internal springs to produce dynamic changes in cranial shape over several months before its removal. The purpose of this study was to report the first Egyptian experiences with SAC in the treatment of children with sagittal synostosis and evaluate the preliminary outcome. A total of 17 consecutive patients with scaphocephaly underwent SAC with a midline osteotomy along the fused sagittal suture and insertion of 3 springs with bayonet-shaped ends across the opened suture. Operative time, blood transfusion requirements and length of ICU, total hospital stay, and complications graded according to Oxford protocol classification were recorded. Spring removal was performed once re-ossification of the cranial defect occurred. All patients successfully underwent SAC without significant complications. The mean age at surgery was 6.8 months. The mean time of the spring insertion surgery was 63 minutes (SD 9.7). Blood transfusion was needed in less than half of the patients (41.2%).The mean duration of hospital stay was 3.2 days. The mean timing of spring removal was 5.5 months (SD 0.4). The mean time of the second surgery (spring removal) was 22.8 minutes (SD 3.6). In conclusion, SAC can easily be incorporated into the treatment armamentarium of craniofacial surgeons. The technique offers a safe and minimally invasive option for the treatment of sagittal craniosynostosis with the benefit of limited dural undermining, minimal blood loss, operative time, anesthetic time, ICU stay, and hospital stay.