This paper aims to showed the inclination that occur in democratic process associated with the presence democratization in the "Era Reformasi". This era begin as soon as the end of Suharto regime in 1998 that considered to brought Indonesia into democratic period which also occur in the local level. One thing that considered as effort to achieve democracy is the implementation of Decentralization via the Regional Autonomy that was regulated thru some regulations, where today the new law is the Law No. 23 year 2014. That Laws gives more opportunity to the local people to manage their area based on their objectives context. It makes some local issues including local identity became important aspect in the regional social political dynamics including in the regional election. Through the directly electoral system where people vote became the most important factor of the results, some local context then becomes prominent aspects in the process. When a region occupy by non-moslem or the Christian as like as the Toraja lands consequently issues related to the Christianity becomes important thing during the election. That condition than becomes problematic for the non-mosleem people that also have rights to vote or to be voted based on the democracy values and the laws with the fact that they are the minority in that regions. Pictures from the Toraja regional election then showed tendency on how the moslem people positioned theirselves as minority in the political dynamics of the Christian majority land and what its implication to the social politics construction in this regions. Finally fact from toraja's land will show whether a unique condition as the contextual experience of the mosleem community as minority in particular region while in fact they are the majority in the nation. The Moslem as Minority Community in Democracy Process…JICSA Volume

Middle East is a region full of conflicts both regional and international area, one of continuously conflicts trigger is the oil factor, an available oil in the Middle East is a blessing and a disaster other side, since the discovery of oil resources, this region has always been the international spotlight, the several of political economy interests hold on there not only among region countries but also west countries involvement as foreign policy. Oil used as a tool ad a political goal for the realization of national interests.Keywords: Oil, Politics, Middle East

This paper aims to present a different perspective on presenting patriarchal bargains from the existing ones. The patriarchal system is generally understood as a system that places men as superior to women. In the western view, the patriarchal system has become a 'way of life which is considered ahistorical, eternal and the subordination of women is a universal act, so this hierarchy has always existed and will continue, and like other natural rules, this rule is also unchangeable and unnecessary. questioned again. Radical feminists embrace and apply classical patriarchal theory to explain almost all forms of male domination over the exploitation of women. However, women's responses to male domination vary widely, according to the objective opportunities available under each patriarchal variant, thus through patriarchal bargaining, Kandiyoti opens up opportunities for women to see patriarchy as an entity that is not eternal. Patriarchal bargain studies have also emerged with the dominance of a strong agency character. The agency character is indeed considered to have the power to target other forces outside the structure, but this becomes problematic because patriarchal bargain studies seem to ignore the existence of (partial) structure. While according to Giddens, agency plays in the realm of structure, just as the structure is an unavoidable epistemic aspect in social science, the structure is not conceptualized as only placing constraints on human agency, but is also seen as possible. Social change cannot be seen partially, both structure and agency are present simultaneously and interactively.