All the results on sources, negative effects, feelings and coping methods on verbally and physically abusive behaviours lead us to discuss that lower working status and power of the nurses at the work, poor working conditions in healthcare settings and insufficient administrative mechanisms as well as law and regulations against the abusers are the important factors forcing the nurses to work in an inappropriate work environment in Turkey.

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Objective: To demonstrate the real cost data of the pathology examinations by using the activity-based costing method and to contribute to the financial planning of the departments, health managers and also the social security institution. Material and Method:Forty-four examinations selected from the Healthcare Implementation Notification system list and performed at the Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Pathology Department during September 2010 were studied. The analysis and the real cost calculations were done according to the duration of the procedures. Calculated costs were compared with the Healthcare Implementation Notification system and Medicare price lists. Results:The costs of the pathology tests listed within the same pricing levels in the Healthcare Implementation Notification system list showed great differences. The minimum and maximum costs in level 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 15,98-80,15 TL, 15,95-258,59 TL, 42,38-236,87 TL, and 124,42-406,76 TL, respectively. Medicare price levels were more consistent with the real costs of the examinations compared to the Healthcare Implementation Notification system price list. Conclusion:The prices of the pathology examination listed at different levels in the Healthcare Implementation Notification system lists do not cover the real costs of the work done. The principal parameters of Activity-Based Costing system are more suitable for making the most realistic cost categorization. Although the prices could differ between countries, the Medicare system categories are more realistic than the Healthcare Implementation Notification system. The Healthcare Implementation Notification system list needs to be revised in order to reflect the real costs of the pathology examinations.

Hastanelerde sağlık hizmetinin yürütülebilmesi için gerekli olan kaynakların belirlenmesi, maliyetlerin tespit edip kontrolünün sağlanması, performansın değerlendirilmesi ve geleceğe yönelik planların yapılmasında maliyet analizi çalışmalarından yararlanılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda hastanelerde sağlık hizmetleri sunumunda önemli bir yeri olan polikliniklerin birim maliyetlerinin hesaplanması önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Ankara'da kamuya ait bir üniversite hastanesinin 2012 yılı verilerine göre poliklinik birim maliyetleri hesaplanmış olup, Sağlık Uygulama Tebliği poliklinik paket fiyatlarıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, en yüksek birim maliyet 200,85 TL ile Algoloji polikliniği, en düşük birim maliyet ise 24,31 TL ile Dermatoloji polikliniği olarak bulunmuştur. İncelenen 19 poliklinikten 7'sinin poliklinik birim maliyetinin Sağlık Uygulama Tebliği poliklinik paket fiyatının üstünde olduğu görülmüştür. Bu nedenle, hastanenin maliyet kontrolü ve kapasite kullanım oranını artırarak birim maliyetlerini düşürmesinin ve Sağlık Uygulama Tebliği fiyatları belirlenirken maliyet analizi çalışma sonuçlarının dikkate alınmasının yararlı olacağı söylenebilir.

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) significantly increase both the patient's length of stay and the cost of disease. For this reason, HAIs are one of the most important problems that intensive study is devoted to in many countries around the world. The purpose of this study is to investigate how having a HAI prolongs the length of stay and adds unnecessary cost to the patient. The study compared two matched groups and suggested that a patient with a HAI spent an additional 23 days in the hospital compared with a patient not affected with a HAI. The results also showed that a patient with a HAI had to pay more in almost all cost categories compared with a non-infected patient. The additional cost for an infected patient was calculated as 2026.70 US dollars. As a result of HAIs, the hospital had additional, but avoidable, expenses of 30,754 US dollars for 57 patients over a period of four months.