Abstract. The construction sector is among the most hazardous industry due to the working environment which exposes workers to high risk of accidents. Statistics by the Malaysian Ministry of Human Resource had shown that the number of mortality and disability cases involving construction workers were the highest among the other sectors. Most of the cases were caused by unidentified hazards around the construction sites. The literature had documented that environmental factors were responsible for most of the cases. This paper aims to highlight on the causation factors of accidents and injuries at the construction sites based on the human factor. Selected journals and research papers related with accidents at construction sites were reviewed and human error was found to be the main causation factor of accidents at construction sites. This study urges for more in depth study on the actions or interventions that could be taken to minimize the occurrence of human error in the construction site, thus, minimizing the occurrence of accidents, injuries and even mortality.

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Abstract. Standing is one of the most preferred working postures in the manufacturing field as it provides a large degree of physical freedom and mobility to the human operators. In addition, the cognitive perceptions of the increase in work effectiveness and productivity rate among the human operators are the reasons this working posture is practiced. However, to stand erect for a long period of time or otherwise known as Prolonged Standing often leads to physiological discomfort, fatigue and even health issues such as Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). The aim of this paper is to review on the effects resulting from Prolonged Standing and disseminates the information on the ergonomic interventions to relieve standing fatigue. Selected journals and research papers related to Prolonged Standing were reviewed and the findings showed that varying the floor conditions such as installing anti-fatigue mat and using shoes with soles would help in relieving discomfort associated with the cumulative effects of Prolonged Standing. Nevertheless, further research is needed to truly quantify the effectiveness of these suggested ergonomics interventions in real world implementations such as in the manufacturing industry.

Abstract. Recent years in Malaysia, precast concrete sandwich panel gained its popularity in building industries due to its economic advantages, superior thermal and structural efficiency. This paper studied the structural behaviour of precast lightweight foamed concrete sandwich panel (PLFP) with double shear truss connectors under eccentric load. Preliminary results were analysed and studied to obtain the ultimate load carrying capacity, load-deflection profiles and strain distribution across the panel thickness at mid depth. The achieved ultimate load carrying capacity of PLFP due to eccentric load from the experimental work was compared with values calculated from classical formulas (if it is more than 1 comparison) developed by previous researchers. Preliminary results showed that, the use of double shear truss connectors in PLFP was able to improve its ultimate load carrying capacity to sustain eccentric load and achieve certain compositeness reaction in between the wythes.

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