The present study suggests that a combined course of Er:YAG and Nd:YAG laser therapy may be beneficial particularly in inaccessible areas such as deep pockets on a short-term basis. Further, well-designed studies are required to assess the effectiveness of the combination of these lasers.

Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of suPAR and galectin‐1 in different periodontal health status and relationship between these molecules and TNF‐α to understand the roles of these molecules in periodontal inflammation process. Background Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has been described as a biological marker of inflammation and immunological activation. Galectin‐1, a member of the galectin family, is an anti‐inflammatory cytokine. However, to date, levels of these two molecules in periodontal health and disease have not been well documented. Methods A total of 60 individuals, 20 with chronic periodontitis (group P), 20 with gingivitis (group G), and 20 with healthy periodontium (group H) were recruited for this study. Full‐mouth clinical periodontal measurements were recorded in periodontal charts. GCF and whole saliva samples were collected to determine the levels of suPAR, galectin‐1, and TNF‐α in study groups using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results The GCF total amount of suPAR, galectin‐1, and TNF‐α in GCF was similar in group P and G (P > .05). The GCF total amounts of these molecules in GCF were higher in the group G and P compared to the group H (P < .05), whereas the GCF concentrations of suPAR and galectin‐1 were lower in the group G and P compared to the group H (P < .05).The saliva concentration of suPAR was significantly higher in group P compared to the group G and H (P < .05). It was also higher in the group G compared to the group H but there is no significant difference between the groups (P > .05). Salivary galectin‐1 levels were similar in the study groups (P > .05). Conclusion Increased levels of GCF suPAR, galectin‐1, and saliva suPAR in periodontal disease suggest that these molecules may play a role in the periodontal inflammation. suPAR and galectin‐1 may be considered as potential biomarkers in periodontal disease.

This in vivo study aimed to do a biomechanical analysis of the early period bone-implant connection of titanium implants simultaneously inserted with xsenogenic and allogenic bone ring. In this study, 28 Sprague Dawley female rats were used. Four rats were killed to obtain an allogenic bone ring, and after this, the remaining rats were divided into control (n = 8), xsenogenic (n = 8), and allogenic (n = 8) bone ring groups. Titanium-machined surfaced implants were integrated right tibias of the rats. In controls, only implants were integrated into right tibias. In the greft groups, the implants were integrated simultaneously with bone rings. After 2 weeks of the experimental period, the rats were killed ,and titanium implants and surrounding bone tissues were removed for biomechanic analysis. After biomechanical reverse torque analysis bone-implant connection was determined as Newton/cm 2 ; in controls 3.26 (1.2 to 4.5), in allogenic ring group 3.37 (2 to 4.4), in xsenogenic ring group 5.93 (2.8 to 10). Statistically significant differences were not detected between the groups (P > 0.05). Within the limitation of this study, both allogenic and xsenogenic bone grafts could be successfully used in bone augmentation in implant surgery.

No abstract