This paper seeks to answer the questions 1) What decision making is practiced in School Based Management (SBM) in Indonesia ?, 2) What problems are faced in implementing SBM in Indonesia?, 3) What strategies do practitioners do in dealing with problems? SBM can facilitate practitioners in terms of school committee involvement in strategic decision making in term of school missions, vision, objectives, repairmen of building, funds, new classroom, programs and teaching and learning process, facilities preservation, student conduct policies, canteen management, governing of fund income, choosing educator, choosing teachers, choosing principals, choosing administrative staff, choosing textbooks, curriculum development. Problems encountered include inadequate parental participation, weakness in selfgoverning, coordination handicap, principal and school committee role overlap, weakness in school leaders and professional improvement for, school appliances constrain, SBM understanding constrain, inadequate school finance. The strategies or creativity used in resolving problems include: seeking advice and support from other school stakeholders, the principal and staff discussing and agreeing on strategies to implement change collaboratively, principals consider themselves to be team members, delegate authority. There is an agreement between the school and the school committee on reducing workload.

Digital literacy is a media-based learning that combines education and technology with the hope that students can make the most of it. This requires learning skills, one of which is the ability to take the initiative to be responsible for learning materials, often called self-directed learning. The purpose of this study was to describe the effect of self-directed learning on students' level of digital literacy in online learning. This study used a quantitative approach with ex-post facto research type. The populations in this study were students of the University of Lampung with a sample of 947 taken using simple random sampling. The data collection instrument used was adapted from the Self Rating Scale of Self-Directed Learning (SRSSDL) and Digital Literacy Measurement (DLM). The data collected were analyzed using linear regression. The results showed the positive and significant effect of self-directed learning on the digital literacy level of students, with the contribution of 54.80%, and the rest was influenced by other factors that were not measured in this study. The effect also had a positive direction, which means that the higher the student's self-directed learning score, the better the digital literacy skills will be.

Z-Generations are student who was born in the years of 1995-2015. This generation is characteristic of media consumption of at least 3 hours a day online mostly using mobile phone. Physics learning process or teaching strategy have to consider also the characteristic of student who belongs to this age. This study is conducted in order to consider physics student characteristic and expectation in learning process, so that lecturers are able to use appropriate teaching strategy in their class. The study of this research is descriptive qualitative using survey technique. Survey technique using questionnaire to 165 physics teacher college in Lampung. Based on data analysis, it can be conclude that Z-generation learner characteristic in Lampung is mostly interested with technology integration in learning process. Besides that, they are also distributed in 3 kinds of learning style that are visual, auditory, and kinesthetic.

Regarding the 4.0 industrial revolution, the STEM dimension is very important. Separately, the facts related to the development of ethnoscience in Indonesia are also very closely related to the student learning environment. STEM can play a role as an ‘engaging tools’ in local wisdom-based learning. However, there is no ‘something’ to integrate these dimensions. In this case, this study is focused on developing a preliminary form of product. We design the working framework of ethno-pedagogy-integrated STEM learning approach based on science teacher perception and experience. This study was carried out using a mixed method with a survey and analysis document on science teacher learning tools. The survey results showed that the teacher had utilized several ethno potentials that have developed in the community. The results of the document analysis have resulted in the finding that most teachers did not have a pattern yet for applying STEM learning that was related to local wisdom in their society. The ethnoscience facts that existed in the community from the survey results that had a big local potential to be integrated into STEM learning, for example, could be seen from the many traditional buildings and dances (Physics) and traditional food (Bio-Chemistry).

Leadership skills are crucial for a principal to perform his duties as a leader in school. In addition, these skills develop a conducive culture to achieve school vision in the industrial revolution 4.0 era. Hence, the purpose of this study is to analyze and map the level of leadership skills as the technical, conceptual, and human skills corresponding to the 21st-century literacies, i.e., data, technology, and human, respectively. Note that the method applied in this research is a descriptive quantitative collected using a questionnaire from 112 certified elementary school teachers in Bandar Lampung City. Then, we categorize the collected data based on the skills and Likert scale. The results show that the average level of leadership skills of elementary school principals for the technical skills is the lowest, while for the human skills is higher than conceptual skills. In addition, technical skills are inversely proportional to human skills. Furthermore, the conceptual skills increase linearly according to the duration of experiences. Every aspect of the principal skills at each level of school accreditation is in the vulnerable score of 2.85-3.19 which is categorized as good. While the technical skills at a score of 2.75 are categorized as sufficient. We expect that this research can contribute the recommendations to the government to provide the program to increase the leadership competency of the elementary school principals.