The research aims to answer: (i) the arguments of the judiciary for corruption have not been able to minimize state losses due to corruption, and (ii) ideal efforts to optimize the judiciary for criminal acts of corruption to minimize state losses due to corruption. Penalties for perpetrators of corruption in Indonesia are dominated by imprisonment. This is less effective, especially in terms of recovering state assets and state financial losses due to corruption. The state is very disadvantaged, in addition to financial losses, the state must spend a lot of money on investigating corruption cases. It is necessary to optimize the judiciary for criminal acts of corruption to minimize state losses due to corruption as an effective effort to restore state financial losses and the overall costs incurred by the state in eradicating corruption. This article is normative using primary and secondary legal materials and is analyzed deductively with a legal, case, and conceptual approach. The results show: (i) the arguments of the judiciary for corruption have not been able to minimize state losses due to corruption, namely: legal substance is dominated by imprisonment and fines, limited legal options and facilities, traditional criminal-oriented community legal culture and political intervention in law enforcement for criminal acts of corruption; (ii) the ideal effort to optimize the judiciary for criminal acts of corruption to minimize state losses due to corruption is carried out by prioritizing restoration of state losses based on restorative justice and calculating the social costs of corruption.
Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah mensosialisasikan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika kepada para siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP). Kegiatan ini bertujuan agar para siswa sebagai generasi muda mengetahui dan memahami bahaya narkotika, sehingga tidak akan melakukan perbuatan yang mengarah pada tindakan terjadinya penyalahgunaan narkotika.Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilandasi pemikiran semakin maraknya penyalahgunaan narkotika di kalangan para generasi muda termasuk para siswa sekolah, baik sebagai pengguna maupun sebagai pengedar. Berdasarkan data survey Badan Narkotika Nasional tahun 2019 ada 2,3 juta pelajar di Indonesia pernah mengkonsumsi narkoba (narkotika, psikotropika, obat-obatan terlarang). Melihat data tersebut dapat dikatakan “Indonesia Darurat Narkotika”. Oleh karena itu, untuk mencegah semakin banyaknya pengguna narkoba di kalangan pelajar, maka perlu dilakukan sosialisasi bahaya penyalahgunaan narkotika. Metode kegiatan pengabdian ini berbentuk penyuluhan hukum Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika, yang dilanjutkan dengan dialog interaktif seputar narkoba antara para siswa dengan tim penyuluh hukum yakni para Dosen Bagian Pidana Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sebelas Maret. Narkoba dari segi agama sudahpasti adalah sesuatu yang haram, dan dari segi masa depan sebuah bangsa, narkoba adalah senjata paling ampuh untuk menghancurkan sebuah negara. Diharapkan dengan adanya kegiatan penyuluhan hukum ini, semakin banyak pelajar yang memiliki wawasan tentang bahaya narkoba.
There is a government program for the poor in the COVID-19 pandemic situation. People who receive assistance have the right to control as a form of transparency (Law 14 of 2008 concerning Openness of Public Information) so that people are not just objects. The public generally plays a preventive role in overcoming corruption. However, the judge's decision has not been touched on the Crime of Corruption (Tindak Pidana Korupsi, TIPIKOR). Especially when the community members are in a position as "victims." Cases of social assistance (Bantuan Sosial, BANSOS) and direct cash assistance (Bantuan Langsung Tunai, BLT) can be examples of how citizens are people who have a disadvantaged position of rights due to corrupt behavior so that they "can" become victims of corruption. This research seeks to make an innovation in law enforcement. In law enforcement of corruption criminal acts, if the perpetrator has been proven guilty, the judge will generally sentence them in the form of a loss of independence, a fine, and an additional penalty in the form of criminal compensation for the loss to the state as much as the one that has been corrupted. In addition, criminals often encounter difficulties and obstacles in collecting them. Fines and additional penalties in the form of corrupted returns must be deposited into the state treasury according to the legislation. At this point, mainly for corruption cases related to social assistance to the people, the people become "victims." Why become "victims" because they have the right to get it? Because it has been stipulated in a decision, people are entitled to receive assistance from the government. For this reason, it is necessary to be given access to prosecute perpetrators for recovering the amount of assistance they should have received. The claim is based on the binding rights and obligations that must be carried out. This demand can be in the form of restitution because the people who should have received the aid did not receive it, but it was reduced. So that people can be positioned as victims. An alternative pattern of settlement by involving the victim (beneficiary), such as social assistance, will be more equitable because it will provide access to people who have been formatted as objects of sufferers. This alternative solution involving the receiving community has never been seen before. Because so far, the public can participate in law enforcement only as providers of information and reports of alleged criminal acts of corruption. This alternative is a construction of law enforcement expected to provide justice for the community. The method uses a socio-legal research approach. Research locations in Semarang and Yogyakarta. Structured interviews do primary data, and secondary data is case studies. Data analysis was carried out employing content analysis. The research urgency: (1) to overcome the problem of non-cash social assistance, which so far has caused the "victim" of the community, which is consistently formatted as an object, (2). overcome injustice by seeking a balance between services closer to justice and community welfare.Keywords: Victims, Corruption, Restitution.AbstrakTerdapat program pemerintah untuk rakyat miskin dalam situasi pandemi covid 19. Masyarakat yang mendapat bantuan mempunyai hak mengontrol sebagai wujud transparansi (UU 14 Tahun 2008 tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik) sehingga rakyat tidak sekedar sebagai obyek. Masyarakat umumnya berperan secara preventif dalam penanggulangan tindak pidana korupsi. Namun dalam putusan hakim belum tersentuh dalam kaitannya dengan putusan hakim TIPIKOR. Utamanya ketika warga masyarakat dalam posisi sebagai “korban”. Kasus bantuan sosial (BANSOS) dan bantuan langsung tunai (BLT) dapat menjadi contoh bagaimana warga masyarakat adalah orang yang mempunyai posisi terugikan haknya akibat perilaku koruptif sehingga “dapat” menjadi korban tindak pidana korupsi. Penelitian ini berupaya melakukan inovatif dalam penegakan hukum. Dalam penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi, apabila terhadap pelaku telah terbukti bersalah umumnya dijatuhi putusan oleh hakim berupa pidana hilang kemerdekaan, pidana denda dan pidana tambahan berupa pidana pengganti kerugian terhadap negara sebesar yang telah dikorupsi. Untuk pidana tambahan sering menemui kesulitan dan hambatan untuk menagihnya. Pidana denda dan pidana tambahan berupa pengembalian yang dikorupsi sesuai perundang-undangan harus disetorkan ke kas negara. Pada titik inilah utamanya untuk kasus korupsi yang berkaitan dengan bantuan sosial kepada rakyat, maka rakyat menjadi “korban.” Mengapa menjadi “korban’ karena mereka telah berhak untuk mendapatkan karena telah ditetapkan dalam suatu keputusan sebagai orang yang berhak untuk mendapatkan bantuan dari pemerintah. Untuk itulah perlu diberi akses melakukan penuntutan kepada pelaku untuk memulihkan besaran bantuan yang seharusnya mereka terima. Tuntutan tersebut didasarkan pada ikatan hak dan kewajiban yang musti dilakukan. Tuntutan ini dapat berupa restitusi karena rakyat yang seharusnya menerima bantuan ternyata tidak menerima atau menerima namun dikurangi. Sehingga rakyat dapat diposisikan sebagai korban. Suatu alternatif pola penyelesaian dengan melibatkan pihak korban (penerima bantuan) seperti bantuan sosial ini akan lebih berkeadilan karena akan memberi akses pada masyarakat yang selama ini diformat sebagai obyek penderita. Alternatif penyelesaian yang melibatkan masyarakat penerima ini belum pernah terjadi. Karena selama ini masyarakat dapat berperan serta dalam penegakan hukum sekedar pemberi informasi dan laporan dugaan tindak pidana korupsi. Alternatif ini merupakan konstruksi penegakan hukum yang diharapkan memberikan keadilan bagi masyarakat.Metode dengan pendekatan sosio-legal riset. Lokasi penelitian di Semarang dan Yogyakarta. Data primer dilakukan dengan wawancara terstruktur, data sekunder studi kasus. Analisis data dilakukan secara analisis isi. Urgensi penelitian: (1) mengatasi persoalan bantuan sosial non tunai yang selama ini telah menimbulkan “korban” masyarakat yang senantiasa diformat sebagai obyek, (2). mengatasi ketidakadilan dengan mencari keseimbangan antara pelayanan yang mendekatkan pada keadilan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat.Kata kunci: Korban, Tindak Pidana Korupsi, Restitusi.
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