Researches in bio-robotics fields have been done en-masse. Development in intelligence monitoring systems for agricultural application have unfold the possibility to observe individual plant response upon receiving external stimuli. In this study, artificial Bio-pores, 30 cm in diameter, were introduced to the ranges of oil palm trees in three commercial plantations. Various applications methods of Bio-pores, in particular depths and numbers per plant were investigated. The Bio-pores drilled around the root zone of the trees using an earth auger, and filled with chopped semi-decomposed fronds and midribs from the plantation maintenance (pruning). A robotic quadcopter drone with 2.7K camera, operated with pre-set flight-plan, employed to record the crown image of oil palm trees under observation. The drone flown at the altitude of 23±0.1 meters above the crown, recording each crown individually. Focus and setting of drone's cameras was set to automatic, enabling unbiased image recording. The weather conditions (sun radiation, cloud covering, wing speed) upon images recording were measured and recorded. When recording the images, the drone's GPS-assisted hovering system maintained its position in both axes (horizontal and vertical), producing identical image acquisition for each crown. All plants' crown was observed at 0, 30, 60, and 120 days after Bio-pores introduced. Image processing software was developed to segment and extract vegetation index (Vis) information from the images. Plants' morphological conditions (height, radial, and new leaf) were measured and analyse by statistical methods to understand various Bio-pores applications influences to plants development. Crown images were processed, and its features extracted and correlated with chlorophyll in leaves. Models developed to predict chlorophyll contents (A, B, and Total) in crown and Vis analyses methods were used to compare individual plant responding to this external stimulus by means of rotational-pivot charts. Results showed that intensive Bio-pores introduction promote plant's radial development and the emergence of new leaves. Furthermore, chlorophylls contents in leaves of plants with substantial Bio-pores applications were greater compared to normal plants. Models showed that optical features extracted from crown images obtained high coefficient of correlation (R2) with leaves chlorophyll contents. This study has paved the way for wisdom agricultural application in Indonesian oil palm industry.

Paddy growth is influenced by natural factors such as climate and soil, the former being a factor that cannot be controlled. With global climate change, rainfall as one of the sources of water availability is the riskiest element affected, which is very influential in determining cropping patterns. This study aims to inventory the pattern of paddy cultivation in the province of West Sumatra by using the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) of MODIS imagery. This study uses the MODIS EVI image (MOD13Q1, 16 composite days, 250m resolution, 2014 to 2018) in West Sumatra. During the course of this study the Province of West Sumatra experienced 3 paddy cropping seasons with 2 periods of harvest in one cropping calendar year.

Estimates of rice production carried out in conventional ways require high costs and a long time, when compared to remote sensing technology. Surveying land conditions using remote sensing satellite technology besides the time of obtaining information is fast and cheap, as well as the survey area is wide and the information got is more sustainable. This study aims to predict the productivity of crop yields (crop yield) of rice fields using the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) algorithm. Research conducted by methods of observation and data processing comprises several stages, namely data pre-processing, analysis of index vegetation until extracted, followed by making a working map for observation and validation of the field. Field results as a consideration of the correlation of the value of vegetation index to the phase of growth and average productivity in the area. The results of the analysis showed the value of NDVI observed as a sign of production that occurred was in the generative phase 2 in the 2nd week of July based on trends that occurred in Talang district of Solok Regency. The results of the actual production data validation test and the use of the NDVI algorithm resulted in an NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency) value of 0.868 with the category “Good”.

Earthquacke on 30th of September 2009 in West Sumatra had ruined Padang Pariaman, Agam, and Padang city districts. The damage was not only caused by the earthquake itself but also due to the landsliding following the earthquake, such as in Tandikek. Hundreds of people, houses, buildings, schools, as well as agricultural land (ricefield and dryland farming) were burried in Lubuk Laweh, Kepala Koto and Cumanak. This research was conducted by employing survey method and by observing the phenomenon of tuff pumice on how it was affected by earthquake and water. Then, soil characteristics were analysed based on soil physical data from previous research. Several soil characteristics analysed were soil texture, bulk density, structure and depth of solum, organic matter content, and permeability. Land characteristics were determined through field visit. Some land condition being observed was slope (percentage and length), stone exposed, soil water depth, and land use. Additionally, besides from field visit, the data were also obtained from topography and morphology maps derived from Google Earth. Rainfall data (monthly and annually) were collected from several nearby meteorology stations. Analyses for degree of landsliding risks for an area were used soil and land characteristics criteria causing landsliding. Based on field visit, it was seen that the research area was still susceptible to landsliding. This was due to the parent materials of the soil deriving from tuff pumice which is crumb structure and loamy texture on the top layer. Climate, especially annual rainfall in study site was high enough (approximately 4322 mm) which was evently distributed all year long without dry month.Slope of the area was > 45%, especially areas hit by landsliding. Land use was not based on soil conservation rule, such as coconut and arenga pinneca, and other mixed trees were planted on the area having > 45% slope. The results of the soil characteristic analyses showed that HARKAT interval of lansliding threat was 13 and land characteristics showed 20. Summation of HARKAT values from soil and land characteristics was 33. This number showed that the study site had high degree of landsliding risk. The possibility of areas would be hit by lansliding were Partamuan, Koto Timur, Sungai Geringging, and around Maninjau lake.

Utilization of the potential energy of water scale piko hydro is still very small, one of the challenges is that water turbines are not sold freely on the market, to get it must be ordered in advance to certain shops or workshops so that the price of turbines becomes expensive. The purpose of this experimental research is to analyze the performance of alternative fluid engines that can function as water turbines, namely pumps as turbines (PAT). Tests were carried out on three sizes of centrifugal pumps, namely 1 inch, 1.5 inches and 2 inches. using the same test equipment. The test results found that centrifugal pumps can be used as a good alternative as a water turbine. The larger pump size results in a lower head, power and efficiency. The results of testing at constant rotation and head, PAT 1 inch superior to PAT 1.5 inches, and PAT 2 inches. The maximum power and efficiency of 1 inch PAT is 235 W and 38% occur at a constant head of 15 m, 4.1 L/s discharge and 850 rpm rotation. This data inspired the researchers to create head and discharge standards suitable for each PAT size. Furthermore, many centrifugal pumps are sold in the market, it is necessary to do further research to get the right recommendations about the type, brand and size of the ideal pump used as a pico hydro scale water turbine in accordance with the potential for water and head discharge in the community.