content and rancid ancid ancid ancid ancid off-odor and overall smell intensities in the dark muscle. The rate of lipid oxidation of the yellowtail dark muscle off-odor and overall smell intensities in the dark muscle. The rate of lipid oxidation of the yellowtail dark muscle off-odor and overall smell intensities in the dark muscle. The rate of lipid oxidation of the yellowtail dark muscle off-odor and overall smell intensities in the dark muscle. The rate of lipid oxidation of the yellowtail dark muscle off-odor and overall smell intensities in the dark muscle. The rate of lipid oxidation of the yellowtail dark muscle was significantly faster than that of the ordinary muscle. Lipid oxidation of the dark muscle was closely related was significantly faster than that of the ordinary muscle. Lipid oxidation of the dark muscle was closely related was significantly faster than that of the ordinary muscle. Lipid oxidation of the dark muscle was closely related was significantly faster than that of the ordinary muscle. Lipid oxidation of the dark muscle was closely related was significantly faster than that of the ordinary muscle. Lipid oxidation of the dark muscle was closely related to meat darkening and development of the rancid off-odor during the early stage of ice storage. to meat darkening and development of the rancid off-odor during the early stage of ice storage. to meat darkening and development of the rancid off-odor during the early stage of ice storage. to meat darkening and development of the rancid off-odor during the early stage of ice storage. to meat darkening and development of the rancid off-odor during the early stage of ice storage.

We examined the effect of feeding ration and refeeding time on plasma biochemical components and hepatic insulin‐like growth factor gene (IGF) mRNA expression to evaluate nutritional indicators in juvenile Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata (also known as Buri). Fish were fed a diet for 10 d with the following feeding rations: 80, 40, 20, and 10% satiation. Satiated feeding was 4.65% of body weight. At day 10, the plasma concentrations of albumin, calcium, inorganic phosphate, and total protein, activities of alkaline phosphatase and amylase, and hepatic IGF1 mRNA and IGF2 mRNA expression were significantly correlated with feeding ration. In the analysis of refeeding time, fish were refed after a 24‐h fasting period and plasma biochemical components and hepatic IGFs mRNA were analyzed at 0, 3, 6, and 9 h after refeeding. Plasma concentrations of total bilirubin, inorganic phosphate, creatinine, glucose, and potassium, and activities of amylase were significantly correlated with refeeding time. The correlation between refeeding time and gene expression was significant for IGF2 mRNA (r = 0.70, P < 0.05) but not for IGF1 mRNA (r = 0.67, P = 0.07). Comparing the results of the two experiments, the plasma concentrations of total protein, albumin, and calcium reflected only the feeding ration. The plasma concentration of inorganic phosphate, activities of alkaline phosphatase and amylase, and hepatic IGF1 mRNA and IGF2 mRNA reflected both the feeding ration and refeeding time. These observations suggest that these components reflected the nutritional status of Yellowtail, but sampling time should be carefully examined because of the fluctuating feature of these components.

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To examine the effect of deep seawater (DSW) acclimation on properties of the fish muscle, we reared red sea bream Pagrus major in DSW, surface seawater (SSW) and chilled surface seawater (CSSW) which was chilled to the same temperature as DSW. Free amino acid (FAA) content, total lipid content, fatty acid (FA) components of lipid, and texture of the ordinary muscle were compared 30 and 87 days after the start of rearing. It was found that acclimation to DSW and CSSW induces an increase of Gly, Lys and His in FAA. The proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in FA was stable in fish reared in DSW and CSSW while it decreased in fish reaed in SSW. In addition, an increase of hardness of the muscle after the acclimation to DSW and CSSW was detected by texture analysis. Such changes were not significant after rearing for 30 days and became remarkable after rearing for 87 days. Since such changes in FAA, FA, and texture were observed both in DSW and CSSW groups, they were pre sumed to be caused mainly by the low temperature of DSW.Key words: red sea bream, Pagrus major, deep seawater, acclimation, muscle, free amino acid, fatty acid, textureSeawater below the euphotic layer, so-called "Deep Sea water (DSW)", has characteristic properties: Water tem perature is cool and constant through the year; it is rich in inorganic nutrients but contains poor organic matter and few microorganisms.1-3) These characteristics are supposed to be advantageous not only for industrial use but also for the culture of marine organisms. The low temperature of DSW is apparently advantageous to rear fish and shellfish living in cold water. In addtion, our preliminary experi ment suggested that the flavor and texture of the muscle of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, which can live in warm water, are influenced by rearing in DSW. Thus, it is interesting to examine if rearing in DSW has any effect on the components and texture of the muscle of fish spe cies important as food.Kochi Prefectural Deep Seawater Laboratory was estab lished at Muroto City, Kochi Prefecture in 1989 and DSW from a depth of 320 m became obtainable through pipe lines of 2625 m in length .3,1) Using the facility of this laboratory, we attempted short-term rearing of red sea bream Pagrus major in DSW, surface sea water (SSW) and chilled surface seawater (CSSW) which was chilled to the same temperature as DSW for 87 days to examine the effect of DSW acclimation on properties of fish muscle as food. As the result, it was shown that red sea bream can ac climate to DSW.5) It was also found that acclimation to the low temperature of DSW influences the postmortem changes of rigor mortis and degradation of ATP-related compounds.5) In this paper, we compared free amino acid (FAA) content, total lipid content, fatty acid (FA) compo sition and texture of the ordinary muscle of fish reared in DSW with those of fish reared in SSW and CSSW. Materials and Methods MaterialsRed sea bream of two year old were used. Fifty-eight, 58 and 60 fish were reared in a two-ton tanks with DSW...

The effects of heat treatment and concentration of fish serum (FS) on cell growth and human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) production in an adhesion culture of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, DR1000L4N, were investigated. The addition of heat treated FS instead of non-heat-treated FS improved cell growth in terms of cell density, which reached 60% that in 10% fetal calf serum (FCS)-containing medium (FCS medium). A decrease in FS concentration from 10 to 1.25% markedly increased cell density, which was 79% that in 10% FCS medium. The combination of heat treatment at 56°C and the addition of FS at a low concentration (1.25%) showed an additive effect on cell growth and resulted in the same cell density as that in 10% FCS medium, whereas the hGM-CSF concentration in the culture using FS-containing medium (FS medium) was approximately 50% that in 10% FCS medium. The total lipid concentration in FS was more than three fold that in FCS. The effect of decreasing FS concentration on cell growth may be due to the low lipid concentration in FS medium, because addition of the lipids extracted from FS to 10% FCS and 1.25% FS media markedly decreased cell density. Consequently, the addition of heat-treated FS at low concentrations to medium may be useful for the growth of CHO cells without FCS.