MRTD allows noninvasive evaluation of TD and can be used to identify TD configuration. Thus, this technique is considered to contribute positively to safer performance of thoracic surgery.

Acute cyst hemorrhage and infection can be identified from symptoms, laboratory data, and CT/MRI findings.

Background The superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) is an anatomical structure involved in the facial ageing process. We aimed to evaluate the SMAS laxity using multi‐detector row computed tomography (MDCT) as a diagnostic tool, and to analyse the relationship between SMAS laxity and age. Methods Fifty‐seven female subjects (aged 21‐57 years) were enrolled in the study. The subjects were divided into two age groups: one below the mean age (Group Y, 30 subjects) and one over it (Group O, 27 subjects). The Posture Change (PC)‐induced SMAS Laxity Index was measured using reconstructed CT images, and the relationship between the PC‐induced SMAS Laxity Index and age was analysed. Results The PC‐induced SMAS Laxity Index was significantly larger in Group O than in Group Y. As well, a strong and significant positive correlation was detected between the PC‐induced SMAS Laxity Index and age (r = 0.72; P < 0.001). Conclusions The use of MDCT provides insight into the detailed changes associated with ageing that take place within the cheeks. This study objectively demonstrated that SMAS laxity and age are factors associated with facial ageing, as the SMAS laxity increased with age. Finally, the imaging features confirmed the dermatological and aesthetic knowledge gained from plastic surgery regarding the loss of the SMAS supporting force due to facial ageing.

BackgroundBaggy eyelids, formed by intraorbital fat herniation in the lower eyelids, are a sign of aging observed in the midface. This study aimed to identify the cause of baggy eyelids by evaluating the relationship between orbicularis oculi muscle thickness, orbital fat prolapse length, and age using multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT).MethodsThe 34 patients in the study ranged in age from 20 to 79 years. The patients were divided into three age groups: 20–29 years, 30–54 years, and 55–79 years. Orbicularis oculi muscle thickness and orbital fat prolapse length were measured using reconstructed computed tomography (CT) images.ResultsThe orbicularis oculi muscle was found to be significantly thinner in the oldest group. Likewise, orbital fat prolapse was found to be significantly more prominent in the oldest group. A strong and significant negative correlation was found between orbicularis oculi muscle thickness and orbital fat prolapse length (r = −0.78; P < 0.001) and between orbicularis oculi muscle thickness and age (r = −0.77; P < 0.001). A strong and significant positive correlation was found between orbital fat prolapse length and age (r = 0.78; P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe use of MDCT provides insight into the detailed changes associated with aging that take place within the lower eyelids. This study objectively demonstrated that the major factors associated with baggy eyelids include orbicularis oculi muscle thickness, orbital fat prolapse length, and age. Decreased orbicularis oculi muscle thickness leads to the orbital fat prolapse.