Recientemente, algunos estudios han puesto en cuestión la hipótesis de uniformidad —que afirma que un conjunto amplio de escalas de Horn da lugar, si la información contextual lo permite, a implicaturas escalares (IE). Estas investigaciones han mostrado que escalas pertenecientes a diversas categorías gramaticales exhiben muy distintas frecuencias de derivación de IE. La idea es que el uso del elemento débil no garantiza la derivación de una IE. Entre algunos de los fenómenos que explican esta fluctuación está la distancia semántica. Sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre el papel de fenómenos léxicos-cognitivos, como el acceso léxico, en la tendencia a la derivación variable. Aquí se presenta un estudio experimental basado en una tarea de decisión léxica a partir del paradigma de primado enmascarado. El objetivo es dilucidar en qué medida el elemento débil de una escala adjetival está relacionado con el elemento fuerte en términos de acceso léxico. Los resultados muestran que para ciertos casos la exposición al elemento débil no siempre activa significativamente al elemento fuerte, lo cual podría afectar la frecuencia de derivación de IE, al menos en el caso de escalas adjetivales en español.
There is a great deal of discussion in the specialized literature around the meaning and interpretation of the so-called number terms. It has been established that these terms can denote sets of exact cardinalities, as well as sets compatible with “at least” and “at most” cardinalities (intervalar readings). We present evidence from an experimental study showing that exact readings of number terms under certain grammatical constructions (with a quantifier or predicative function as well as when preceded by a definite article) are preferred by speakers even under certain pragmatic contexts in which intervalar readings could be derived. Our results align with the so-called naïve perspective of the exact semantics of number terms, but also with the fact that both the grammatical structure as well as the pragmatic context play an important role in the interpretations that they can acquire (exactly, at least, at most).
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