Herbal medicines frequently suffer with quality controversies because of similar species or varieties. This often leads to sophistication or admixture of the crude drug as they share various look alike physical features. Commercially, stalks of Caralluma edulis are commonly adulterated with other species because of their analogous morphology. In the present research, the microscopic standardization of the drug was performed by structural, histological, and anatomical features. Pharmacognostical characterization was carried out by physicochemical (moisture content, swelling index, pH value, ash values, and extractive values) and fluorescence analysis. The chemical characterization by UV–Visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and high‐performance liquid chromatography was also performed that disclosed the chief phytoconstituents of the herbal drug. The above mentioned constraints, being reported for the first time in C. edulis, are substantial in establishing the microscopic and pharmacopoeial standards for future identification and authentication.

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Murraya koenigii L. Spreng, commonly known as curry leaves, is usually employed for their flavoring properties in the food due to its distinct aroma. It is a source of essential oil that has been studied extensively for its therapeutic potentials. The volatile constituents were obtained from leaves of M. koenigii by hydro-distillation method. It was then evaluated for its antibacterial potential on four different strains of bacteria, i.e., Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pasteurella multocida by agar well-diffusion method. The volatile constituents were then subjected to GC-MS analysis for their chemical composition. The volatile constituents showed the appreciable antibacterial spectrum against all four strains. The GC-MS analysis of volatile constituents revealed the presence of 4 unidentified and 7 identified major components. The unidentified and identified components constitutes 0.1932% and 99.1089%, respectively. The identified compounds were -pinene (3.4155%), -caryophyllene (15.8231%), sabinene (59.7176%), -pinene (10 .934 5%), -phella ndrene (5.25 56%), -terpinene (2.7974 %) a nd myrcene (1.8632%). The findings clearly suggest that the volatile chemical constituents obtained from M. koenigii has pronounced antibacterial activity against the strains used and the components responsible for it were scrutinized.

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