This study reports five Dutch expert history teachers' approaches to multiperspectivity in lessons on three topics varying in moral sensitivity (i.e., the Dutch Revolt, Slavery, and the Holocaust) and their underlying considerations for addressing subjects' perspectives in different temporal layers. The lessons were observed and videorecorded, and the teachers were interviewed. Lessons were analyzed using a theoretical framework in which three different temporal layers of perspectives were distinguished, each with its own educational function. Teachers addressed multiple temporal layers and functions of multiperspectivity in almost all of their lessons. However, teachers' focus on temporal layers and function differed between lessons. Four categories of considerations for or against introducing specific subjects' perspectives were found: functional, moral, pedagogical, and practical. Moreover, teachers engaged in "normative balancing," meaning that not all perspectives were perceived as equally valid or politically desirable, showing where multiperspectivity ends.

This article explores which tensions teachers experience during one year of participation in a professional learning community (PLC). Tensions are more or less temporal negative feelings of stress, loss of self-efficacy or anxiety caused by conflicting personal features and workplace affordances. A qualitative study including two semi-structured interviews with 18 teachers participating for one year in a PLC revealed that 15 out of 18 teachers experience one or more tensions. More specifically, eight different tensions are identified, in which tensions concerning high work pressure and a lack of shared learning are most commonly reported. The results further indicate temporal, contextual and personal nature of tensions. It is concluded that tensions are often caused by negatively perceived learning cultures in schools.

No abstract

No abstract

This study explores a school leaders' perspective on teacher professional agency. Tensions may arise when teachers feel hindered in their professional agency and try to negotiate their 'space' with other stakeholders (colleagues, students, management). School leaders are expected to empower and support teachers, but how do they perceive teachers' agency tensions? What leadership instruments do they select for these situations? School leaders' sense-making and framing of situations can influence the way teachers subsequently interpret and act upon situations. Regular research methods (interviews/surveys) are not sufficient to study school leaders' framing of agency tensions. Therefore, we used a qualitative vignette questionnaire to study the dilemmas, responsible actors and leadership instruments of 50 school leaders from Dutch secondary schools in response to teachers' agency tensions. The results show that school leaders perceived dilemmas at both the organisation and teacher levels. Five different leadership instruments showed a variety of possible roles for school leaders (e.g. communicating vision, exchanging expectations, diagnosing problems). This paper discusses the ways in which school leaders attribute an important role to themselves in resolving tensions related to teacher professional agency and the consequences school leaders' roles and practices might have for how they lead professional learning.