The article discusses the issues of sustainable development of the energy sector of the world economy in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals: from the active dissemination of clean and environmentally friendly, so-called "green" technologies and technological processes to a significant increase in the share of energy produced from renewable energy sources (RES) by 2030 in the global energy balance and green economy concepts determines the choice of safe types of energy, which, along with renewable energy sources, include nuclear power in accordance with the principle of no significant harm. The Russian Federation ranks fourth in terms of the amount of electricity produced in the world and second, after France, among European countries in terms of nuclear generation capacity. The main trends in the development of the Russian nuclear power industry are presented. It was revealed that the nuclear power industry of the Russian Federation, producing up to 20% of the total energy, ensures compliance with the environmental safety of territories and the safe utilitarianism of radiation technologies in the civilian sector of nuclear energy (nuclear medicine, decontamination of pollution, wastewater treatment, non-destructive testing, radiation materials science, food processing products by ionizing radiation in specialized radiation centers, etc.).

Кобылье молоко, приближенное по своему составу к женскому молоку, и продукты его переработки (кумыс) активно используются в лечебно-профилактическом питании при бронхолегочных заболеваниях, патологиях ЖКТ, в реабилитации онкологических больных и для поддержания общего иммунитета. Биологическая ценность кобыльего молока определяется качеством белка и сбалансированностью его аминокислотного состава. В то же время производство кобыльего молока не получило широкого распространения (объемы производства составляют до 0,02 % от общего объема производства сырого молока) ввиду особенностей организации молочного коневодства, высокой себестоимости сырья, несовершенства логистических процессов, что требует изменения бизнес-процессов и перехода на производство сухого кобыльего молока, отличающегося пролонгированными сроками годности. Аминокислотный состав белка кобыльего молока сопоставим с идеальным белком, в нем не выявлена лимитирующая аминокислота, наряду с этим в сыром кобыльем молоке установлен минимальный аминокислотный скор по валину. Высокая сбалансированность аминокислотного состава позволяет улучшить синтез белка в организме человека при высоком коэффициенте утилитарности – от 0,9883 в сыром молоке до 0,9900 в сухом молоке. Аминокислоты белка сухого кобыльего молока практически полностью используются в анаболических целях, при этом показатель сопоставимой избыточности равен 0,0003, что в 14 раз меньше, чем в сыром молоке, тем самым обеспечивая более высокую усвояемость сухого молока – до 99,0–99,5 %. В условиях отсутствия регламентирующей нормативной документации по использованию сырого натурального кобыльего молока в питании человека оптимальным решением является производство сухого кобыльего молока способом сублимационной сушки на малых сельскохозяйственных предприятиях полного производственного цикла. Результаты проведенных исследований показывают более высокие характеристики сбалансированности аминокислотного состава сухого кобыльего молока. Рекомендуется проведение дальнейших исследований по углубленной оценке пищевой ценности сухого кобыльего молока. Mare's milk, which is close in composition to women's milk, and its processed products (koumiss) are actively used in therapeutic and preventive nutrition for bronchopulmonary diseases, gastrointestinal pathologies, in the rehabilitation of cancer patients and to maintain general immunity. The biological value of mare's milk is determined by the quality of protein and the balance of its amino acid composition. At the same time, the production of mare's milk has not become widespread (production volumes are up to 0.02% of the total production of raw milk) due to the peculiarities of the organization of dairy horse breeding, high cost of raw materials, imperfections in logistics processes, which requires changes in business processes and the transition to the production of dry mare's milk, characterized by prolonged shelf life. The amino acid composition of mare's milk protein is comparable to an ideal protein, there is no limiting amino acid in it, along with this, a minimum amino acid score for valine is established in raw mare's milk. The high balance of the amino acid composition makes it possible to improve protein synthesis in the human body with a high utilitarianism coefficient – from 0.9883 in raw milk to 0.9900 in powdered milk. Amino acids of mare's milk powder protein are almost completely used for anabolic purposes, while the index of comparable redundancy is 0.0003, whichis 14 times less than in raw milk, thereby providing a higher digestibility of milk powder – up to 99.0–99.5 %. In the absence of regulatory regulatory documentation on the use of raw natural mare's milk in human nutrition, the most optimal solution is the production of dry mare's milk by freeze-drying at small agricultural enterprises of the full production cycle. The results of the conducted studies show higher characteristics of the balanced amino acid composition of dry mare's milk. It is recommended to conduct further studies on the in-depth assessment of the nutritional value of dry mare's milk.

The choice of modern technologies at the enterprises of the agroindustrial complex allows ensuring the safety and high quality indicators of food products. The spread of industrial ionizing radiation treatment technology requires compliance with procedural processes in specialized radiation centers. To ensure the safety and preservation of the quality of raw meat, in particular chilled beef, after treatment with ionizing radiation, it is of scientific and practical importance to substantiate the radiation doses used and to regulate the absorbed radiation doses, the calculation of which is carried out according to the proposed methodology. After treatment with ionizing radiation in all samples of chilled beef, the processing efficiency was 100%. A decrease in the total amino acid content was found, lower amino acid losses were found in beef samples treated with a dose of ionizing radiation up to 10 kGy, including for essential amino acids - by 0.6% and for interchangeable amino acids - by 1.1%. The limiting amino acid has not been established, which makes it possible to provide daily coverage of the need for amino acids. As a result of the study of the balance of the amino acid composition by ion exchange chromatography and organoleptic parameters, the optimal dose of ionizing radiation of 10 kGy for processing chilled beef was established.