The paper looks into the main trends of living conditions in rural areas in Romania from 1990 to 2020. The first part of the paper deals with housing. It features issues and indicators concerning housing supply, the breakdown of the housing stock by building material, overcrowding, vulnerable groups, and housing cost overburden. The second part focuses on access to public utilities: water, sanitation, natural gas, electricity and the Internet. The third part looks into the policy and financing concerning living conditions in rural areas. We use national time series, objective data from census and statistical surveys for observing long term trends. Cross-sectional, objective data from European statistical surveys is used for international comparisons. According to the main findings, living conditions in rural areas in Romania experienced a marked improvement over the thirty year period, especially in terms of reduced housing overcrowding, increased access to water, sanitation, and the Internet. However, this statement requires nuances and caveats. Despite the progress made, the gap compared to Western Europe persists. The suburbanisation of rural areas and the variance between and within communes in terms of dwellings’ access to water, sanitation, and natural gas are two trends that point to the increased heterogeneity of rural communities in Romania. Looking forward, there are sustainability and affordability risks concerning the expansion of public utilities in rural areas. Keywords: living conditions; quality of life; Romania; rural; water supply; sanitation; natural gas; internet; housing; dwellings. ●●●●● Articolul analizează principalele tendinţe privind condiţiile de viaţă din mediul rural din România din 1990 până în 2020. Prima parte a lucrării se referă la locuinţe. Sunt prezentate aspecte şi indicatori privind construcţia de locuinţele, situaţia fondului de locuinţe după materialul de construcţie al pereţilor, supraaglomerarea, grupurile vulnerabile şi costurile locuirii. A doua parte a lucrării se concentrează pe accesul la utilităţile publice: apă, canalizare, gaze naturale, electricitate şi internet. A treia parte a articolului tratează politicile şi finanţarea privind îmbunătăţirea condiţiilor de viaţă în zonele rurale. Pentru identificarea tendinţelor pe termen lung au fost utilizate serii de date obiective la nivel naţional provenite din recensăminte şi anchete statistice. Date obiective transversale din anchetele statistice europene sunt utilizate pentru comparaţii internaţionale. Conform principalelor concluzii, condiţiile de viaţă din zonele rurale din România au cunoscut o îmbunătăţire semnificativă în perioada de treizeci de ani, în special în ceea ce priveşte reducerea supraaglomerării, accesul sporit la apă, canalizare şi Internet. Această afirmaţie necesită însă nuanţări. Suburbanizarea zonelor rurale şi diferenţierea dintre şi în cadrul comunelor în ceea ce priveşte accesul locuinţelor la apă, canalizare şi gaze naturale sunt două tendinţe care indică eterogenitatea crescută a comunităţilor rurale din România. Privind în perspectivă, extinderea utilităţilor publice în zonele rurale prezintă riscuri de sustenabilitate şi suportabilitate în bugetul gospodăriilor. Cuvinte-cheie: condiţii de viaţă; calitatea vieţii; România; mediu rural; apă curentă; canalizare; gaze naturale; Internet; locuinţe.
The challenges of population decline in Europe
In 2021, the Romanian Sociological Association awarded economist Florin Georgescu its Award for Excellence. This essay covers the author’s magnum opus, titled Capital in Post-communist Romania, and focuses on the content most relevant to sociology. Unique in size and scope, the approximate 1,000 page three-volume book features three books in one: a 30-year economic history of Romania, a critical analysis of the way the Romanian capitalist economy developed in the second half of the 2010s, and a blueprint for structural reforms to foster development and reduce inequality. The essay includes a short author presentation and an overall review of the book’s contents, an appraisal of the work’s style and originality, and a review of the themes and subjects most salient for sociologists: capital ‒ labour relationship and the distribution and redistribution system, income and wealth inequality, precarious work, the transition and privatisation processes, structural problems of capitalism, and development policies.
Since the early 1990s, Romania has experienced population decline. Moreover
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