Domestic wastewater, such as detergent wastewater, causes the increase of the phosphate level that strongly contributes to eutrophication. Adsorption is a method that can be used to reduce the levels of phosphate. The natural ingredients that can be made as activated carbon include edamame soybean peel, because it contains a lot of celluloses. This research aimed to analyze the adsorption kinetics and adsorption capacity of edamame soybean peel activated carbon in reducing the phosphate levels. Adsorption was carried out with batch method with various concentrations of adsorbate (2 mg/L, 4 mg/L, and 6 mg/L) and stirring time (3 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours, and 12 hours). The results showed that the highest adsorption capacity was found in 6 mg/L of adsorbate concentration and 6 hours of stirring time. The results were validated by the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics model. The Langmuir isotherm indicated that adsorption occurred in monolayer. The maximum adsorption capacity was 0.43509 mg/g and the constant of adsorption kinetics was 1.5558 g/mg•min. Activated carbon from edamame soybean peel successfully reduced the levels of phosphate. The increase of adsorption capacity was correlated with the increasing concentration of adsorbate and stirring time until the equilibrium.

Clam shell is a solid trash that has a rough texture, difficult to digest, and polluting the environment. Blood clam shells (Anadara granosa) contain chitin, which is converted into antimicrobial chitosan. The purpose of this study was to see the effectiveness of chitosan membrane from blood clam shells in reducing total coliform bacteria in household greywater. This study was carried out using experimental research method design. This research focused on household greywater waste. The chitosan concentrations on the membrane varied between 2.5% and 3.5% with filtration times of 20 and 60 minutes. The Anova Quadratic model test was further used to examine the data. Chitosan was separated from the shell of the blood clam at peak angles of 19.66° and 26.04° according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization. It was obtained that chitosan membrane, with a concentration of 3.5% and a filtering duration of 60 minutes, provided the highest percentage of total coliform bacteria reduction of 99.9%. The conclusion of this study is that blood clam shells used as chitosan membranes can reduce total coliform bacteria in household greywater waste.