Over four billion tons of foods are produced annually on the planet, and about a third is wasted. A minimal part of this waste is incinerated or sent to landfills for treatment, avoiding contamination and diseases; the rest is disposed of elsewhere. The current review was aimed at broadening the panorama on the potential of agroindustrial by-products in applications such as biofuels, biomaterials, biocompounds, pharmaceuticals, and food ingredients. It also exposes the main chemical, physical, and biochemical treatments for converting by-products into raw materials with added value through low environmental impact processes. The value of agroindustrial waste is limited due to the scarce information available. There is a need for further research in unexplored areas to find ways of adding value to these by-products and minimizing their contamination. Instead of throwing away or burning by-products, they can be transformed into useful materials such as polymers, fuels, antioxidants, phenols, and lipids, which will effectively reduce food waste and environmental impact.
El frijol común, Phaseolus vulgaris L. es un alimento importante por su aporte nutricional y nutraceútico. La aplicación de fertilizantes sintéticos es común para nutrir los suelos, y como consecuencia de sus efectos adversos, se han estudiado fuentes alternativas de fertilización. El pimiento morrón (Capsicum annuum) de desecho (PMD) posee nutrientes de interés, por lo que se puede utilizar para producir biofertilizantes. En esta investigación se produjo un biofertilizante a través de la fermentación del PMD con el hongo Aspergillus niger y se evaluó su aplicación (0 %, 50 %, 100 % y 200 %) sobre el desarrollo de plantas de Flor de junio León y Flor de Mayo Eugenia, los días 10 y 25. El diámetro de tallo es semejante entre los tratamientos y cultivares. El alto de la planta presenta resultados significativos en el cultivar flor Eugenia a 25 días, el largo de la hoja en el tratamiento de 100 %, y el ancho de hoja destaca en el cultivar flor de mayo Eugenia. El biofertilizante elaborado demuestra tener efectos significativos en los parámetros evaluados en el desarrollo de la planta de frijol.
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