Entender los requerimientos de regeneración de especies leñosas es importante para guiar prácticas de conservación y restauración de los bosques. Evaluamos el nicho de regeneración de Sebastiania commersoniana en relación a la vegetación, suelo y luminosidad comparando micrositios con y sin renoval en dos potreros con densidad de ganado alta y baja y a tres distancias del borde de los parches de bosque dominados por la especie: -2 m (dentro del bosque), 1 m y 3 m (fuera del bosque). También evaluamos la densidad de renovales y la proporción de tallos ramoneados. Los renovales se encontraron en micrositios con abundante vegetación herbácea y suelo poco compactado. La densidad de renovales fue un 134 % mayor con baja densidad de ganado que con alta fuera del bosque, sin diferencias dentro, y disminuyó marcadamente al aumentar la distancia al borde. La proporción de tallos ramoneados fue 13 veces mayor ante alta densidad de ganado que ante baja. Concluimos que el establecimiento puede verse favorecido en micrositios con vegetación y suelo conservados; que el reclutamiento de renovales puede encontrarse limitado a las cercanías de los parches de bosque, y que la reducción en densidad de ganado puede favorecer la regeneración de la especie.
Seed predation is one of the most important biotic filters that determines whether an exotic species can become part of the community. Rodents are generalist seed consumers whose feeding preferences can affect the exotic species recruitment. Their foraging decisions are often modulated by seed traits, abundance, and the environmental context in which rodents encounter seeds. Besides, the consumption preference for exotic seeds may depend on how different they are from natives. We evaluated the combined effect of species-specific seed size, their relative abundance, and vegetation structure on predation rates of native and exotic plant species in a Patagonian forest, where two species of contrasting seed sizes are naturalized (Prunus cerasus and Rubus ideaeus). We performed a cafeteria experiment in which we offered seeds of native and exotic species in paired plots located in microhabitats with shrub cover or open. In plots located under shrub cover seed predation rates were 2.3 times higher than in open areas. Feeding preferences of rodents were driven by seed size, selecting seeds of intermediate sizes. As result, they strongly avoided large exotic Prunus seeds, but consumed intermediate Rubus seeds at similar rates to natives. Thereby, in our system, size is a strong modulator of post-dispersal predation of exotic seeds and rarity does not confer any advantage to exotics. Low predation rates in open areas suggest that they could be regeneration foci for all species. Future work quantifying recruitment across microhabitats will allow to evaluate if patterns here found have an imprint in the seedling community.
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