Objective. To evaluate the involvement of proinflammatory and oxidative stress markers in gingival tissue in individuals with chronic periodontitis. Subject and methods. Eighteen subjects were divided in two groups: experimental (age 52.9±5.0) and control (age 51.1±9.6). The activities of enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase, nonenzymatic antioxidants: total glutathione and reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) were evaluated in gingival tissues from interproximal sites. Statistical differences between groups were determined by independent Student t test and P<.05. Results. Individuals with periodontal disease exhibited a significant increase in the activities of MPO, GPx, GST, and also in TBARS and GSSG levels in gingival tissue compared to the control group (P<.05). Conclusion. The results of the present work showed an important correlation between oxidative stress biomarkers and periodontal disease.

The adjunctive use of 400 or 250 mg of MTZ plus 500 mg of AMX/TID/14 days offers statistically significant and clinically relevant benefits over those achieved with SRP alone in the treatment of severe GChP. The added benefits of the 7-days regimen in this population were less evident. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02735395).

Aim: To evaluate the frequency of side effects associated with intake of metronidazole (MTZ) + amoxicillin (AMX) in periodontal treatment, and to explore associations between these events and patients' features.Materials and Methods: Data of five randomized clinical trials testing MTZ + AMX adjunctive to mechanical therapy were evaluated. Volunteers answered an adverse event questionnaire.Results: Information from 656 subjects was assessed. The frequency of side effects in the antibiotic-and placebo-treated groups ranged from 1.0% to 17.7% and 0.9% to 13.7%, respectively. The events more frequently observed in the antibiotic than in the placebo group were diarrhoea and metallic taste (p < .05). Diabetes significantly raised the odds of a patient reporting discomfort (odds ratio [OR] = 2.6), diarrhoea (OR = 4.0), weakness (OR = 6.0) and excessive sleepiness (OR = 2.9). In systemically healthy volunteers, using antibiotics 3 months post-mechanical treatment (healing phase) (OR = 3.0), being a woman (OR = 3.9) and aged ≤49 (OR = 4.5) significantly increased the chances of reporting adverse events. Conclusions:The occurrence of side effects during MTZ + AMX treatment ranged from uncommon (1%) to very common (17.7%). The main factors raising the chances of a patient reporting adverse events were diabetes and taking antibiotics in the healing phase, instead of in the active phase of treatment. Patients ≤ 49 years old and females also tend to report more side effects.

Background : Autogenous bone blocks are the gold standard technique for hard tissues augmentations to insert dental implants on the right position. However, professionals know quite well the disadvantages of such a procedure. The guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique has become a viable treatment option for regenerating the adequate horizontal bone volume required for osseointegrated implants installation in atrophic ridges without those disadvantages.Aim/Hypothesis : The aim of this study was to demonstrate the clinical and radiographic success of dental implants performed in areas where horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation was required.Material and Methods : 30 dental implants were installed in seven patients, all of these implants in areas where horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation was required. The experiment used only biomaterials, avoiding any autogenous bone. These implants were inserted after a 10-12 month period of postoperative augmentation procedures. All patients were rehabilitated with individual, partial or total prostheses. Clinical and cone beam computed tomography (CT) assessments were performed pre and postoperative augmentation procedures. The dental implants survival rate was measured. The peri-implant bone loss was analyzed with radiographic exams. The observation period was 1-3 years follow-up.Results : As the results, the study showed a 97.3% of dental implants survival rate. Only one implant failed, because of patient claim of sensibility and pain. Nevertheless, this implant was totally osseointegrated. As the result of cone beam CT evaluation, horizontal alveolar ridge augmented areas with only biomaterials were stable over 1-3 years follow-up. The peri-implant bone loss was similar to what happens to autogenous bone blocks augmentations. Conclusion and Clinical Implications: Therefore, the technique proved efficient in promoting stable horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation. At 1-3 years follow-up period, the dental implants survival rate and peri-implant bone loss were found to be similar to what the literature registers as results for autogenous bone blocks reconstructions.