In the present work, a comprehensive experimental study of the patterns of fatigue failure of thick rods made of laminated carbon fiber is carried out under two loading schemes: cyclic tension and cyclic three-point bending with static tension. In the process of fatigue loading, along with the loading parameters of the samples, the resonant vibration frequency of the sample, acoustic emission parameters, strain fields, and temperatures on the sample surface were continuously recorded. The main mechanism of destruction of laminated carbon fiber in both studied loading schemes is the appearance and development of delaminations. Experimental data on the change in the resonant frequency of sample oscillations and the parameters of acoustic emission (the number of events per unit time and the energy of events) are obtained during fatigue testing. There is a stepwise change in the number of acoustic emission events due to the appearance or sharp growth of cracks, which coincides in time with the phenomena of an abrupt change in the resonant frequency and the appearance of high-energy acoustic emission events. In the zones of fatigue failure, local areas of increased self-heating of the samples appear. The fields of three components of the strain tensor on the surface of the studied samples during the fatigue loading were obtained by the method of digital image correlation. In the zones of delaminations, the component of deformations transverse with composite layers sharply increases. The recording of acoustic emission parameters, deformation fields and temperatures, resonant oscillation frequency during fatigue loading makes it possible to reveal in a complex the facts and moments of the appearance and development of fatigue damage in samples.