Estrategia para la educación ambiental en comunidades cubanas RODRÍGUEZ, L. A.; BORROTO, M.; GUTIÉRREZ, I.; TALABERA, Y.; QUESADA, M.; NUÑEZ, A. M+A. Revista Electrónic@ de Medio RESUMENEn la provincia estudiada existen fuentes contaminantes generadas por la actividad industrial y agrícola que allí se desarrolla y se identificó el problema: Insuficiencias en el manejo de los residuos sólidos urbanos y agrícolas. Pero un adecuado manejo de residuos necesita hombres formados con una convicción ambientalista, que se inicia en el hogar y en las escuelas. Esto justificó el diseño de una estrategia comunitaria integrada de educación ambiental como guía para diagnosticar necesidades socioeducativas y posibles vías para un cambio en la conciencia y el comportamiento de la comunidad y un desarrollo sostenible. Se diagnosticó la percepción ambiental, estado físico y de la gestión ambiental del manejo de residuos, utilizando observaciones participativas, encuestas, entrevistas, etc. Se diseñaron siete programas: Cultural, Comunicación, salud, Capacitación, educación escolar, manejo de residuos y embellecimiento de la comunidad. La evaluación se concibió como un proceso de gestión interno.Palabras clave: Estrategia comunitaria, educación ambiental.

Objective: To analyze the effect of the secrets of solid organotropic tumors towards bone in osteogenic, osteoblastic and osteocytic lineage cells, in the expression of genes related to bone metabolism. Material and method: We characterize the changes in gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR of the OPG/RANKL axis, as well as other genes related to osteoblastic differentiation such as Runx2 and osteocalcin, induced by the conditioned means of prostate tumor cells, breast and melanoma in pre MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts and murine MLO-Y4 osteocytes or in human osteoblasts, as appropriate by species. Results: Stimulation of osteocitic cells with conditioned means of melanoma or prostate adenocarcinoma cells induced an increase in OPG and RANKL gene expression, with the OPG/RANKL ratio being increased. Only the secretome of prostate adenocarcinoma cells altered the expression of Runx2 in osteocytes. Conditioned media of breast cancer cells only modified the expression of RANKL in osteoblast cells, with a decrease in OPG/RANKL ratio. Conclusion: Soluble tumor factors have osteocitic cells as their cellular target, favoring the induction of a pre-metastatic bone niche by modifying the OPG/RANKL ratio in the bone environment, and, thus, the progression of bone organotropic tumors such as melanoma and prostatic adenocarcinomas.

Objectives: To analyze in prostate tumor cells the effects caused by the secretome of bone cells on proliferation and on intracellular signaling pathways related to the progression of prostate cancer. Materials and methods:The effects of secreted factors present in conditioned media of pre-osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 and osteocytes MLO-Y4 on the proliferation of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma cells PC-3 were characterized using trypan blue staining. The effects of media conditioned by MC3T3-E1 and MLO-Y4 cells on intracellular signaling molecules involved in the tumor progression of prostate adenocarcinoma cells PC-3 were observed by fluorescence techniques in living cells. The accumulation of intracellular calcium was studied using the fluorescent calcium indicator Fluo-4AM and the generation of cyclic AMP, and ERK 1/2 activation by Fluorescent Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) using the EPAC and ERK-NES biosensors, respectively. Results: The stimulation of PC-3 cells with conditioned media of pre-osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 and osteocytes MLO-Y4 induced an increase in PC-3 adenocarcinoma cell proliferation. Media conditioned by bone cells also caused a transient increase in intracellular calcium accumulation and generation of cyclic AMP and increased ERK 1/2 activation. Conclusions: Bone cells secrete proliferation-activating factors and signaling pathways that favor the tumor progression of prostate cancer cells, suggesting that cross-communication between these cell types may favor the development of metastatic niches of prostate cancer in the bone.