We focus on the surface urban heat island (SUHI) and the spatiotemporal relationship between land use and surface temperatures (T s ) in Cuiabá-Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso, one of the major urban agglomerations of central-western Brazil, which has suffered intense urbanization processes since the 1960s. Supervised maximum likelihood classifications of optical bands of Landsat Thematic Mapper (Landsat TM) imagery from 1986 and 2007 are applied to generate land use/cover maps. Surface emissivity is determined using the logarithmic transformation of the normalized difference vegetation index. The T s is retrieved from the thermal bands utilizing a radiative transfer equation. In both cities, urban expansion followed two main development axes, which are reflected in the spatial patterns of T s . The highest values of T s were found in bare soil and urbanized areas. Between 1986 and 2007, T s increased 0.96 • C on average and a maximum of 5.49 • C in the urban agglomeration. The SUHI in Várzea Grande suffered intensification with an increase of 1.34 • C in the downtown area. This tendency was stronger in the center of Cuiabá, where T s increased 3.12 • C. Slowing this rapid rate of temperature increase would demand decisive intervention by municipal authorities, such as restricting annual occupation taxes, reducing the occupation coefficient in new districts, preserving native vegetation, and designating new green areas. C 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).Keywords: urban heat island; land surface temperature; land use and land cover change; urban development; Central Brazil.Paper 11079RR
Este estudo avalia a ilha de calor da superfície urbana e a relação espaço-temporal entre o uso da terra e a temperatura da superfície (Ts) na cidade de Várzea Grande, que juntamente com Cuiabá (capital do estado) formam um dos maiores conglomerados da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil, cujo processo de urbanização tem sido intenso desde a década de 60. Utilizou-se neste trabalho imagens multiespectrais do satélite LAN-DSAT-5 TM para elaborar mapas de uso e ocupação do solo e de temperaturas superfi ciais (Ts) e detectou--se a presença de ilha de calor urbana superfi cial (ICUS) na região central da cidade de Várzea Grande. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que os maiores valores médios de Ts foram encontrados em solos expostos (2,0°C) e em áreas construídas (2,13°C). No entanto, não se pode afi rmar que o ICUS seja um fenômeno consolidado na região. Com intuito de reduzir as Ts nas áreas urbanas da cidade, recomenda-se revisão nos índices urbanísticos e a promoção de ações que visem preservar a vegetação remanescente e implantar novas áreas verdes em posições estratégicas na cidade, bem como utilizar materiais alternativos que reduzam o armazenamento de energia.
In Brazil, studies to reuse construction and demolition waste are a special issue because a large amount of this material has been delivered to the public landfills and in illegal places. Some researchers have suggested reusing this material in building elements, such as bricks or blocks. It is possible to find a lot of researches in physical/ mechanical characterization, while little effort has been made to characterize recycled construction and demolition waste blocks (RCDW) for their thermal properties. The aim of this work was to characterize the RCDW thermal resistance and conductivity in order to provide subsidies for a building's thermal performance analysis. The hot-box method was adapted, together with measuring techniques with a heat-flow meter to determine the RCDW thermal properties. The results indicated that the RCDW block overall thermal resistance and thermal conductivity in the solid region was within the intervals of 0.33≤R T ≤0.41m 2 KW -1 and 0.60≤λ≤0.78Wm -1 K -1 , respectively. The lower resistance and conductivity values are justified by the presence of aggregate with a lower density and lower thermal conductivity than the natural aggregate.Thermal resistance and conductivity of recycled construction and demolition waste (RCDW) concrete blocks REM, Int. Eng.
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