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In this twenty-first century the word`p roductivity'' will frequently be encountered in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, since productivity is connected to, and strongly influences and determines standards of living, trade balance deficits, wage levels, unemployment levels, competitive ability and exchange rates of a given currency.Within Central and Eastern Europe, the productivity parameter is especially important since:. these areas must compete on equal terms with traditionally market-oriented and high productivity nations;. companies in these areas are starting from a very low base productivity level.High productivity is generally understood to be the decisive factor which will enable emerging enterprises to survive within European and global markets.There are no direct and straightforward ways of achieving the productivity goals that lie ahead of transforming countries and companies in Central Europe.

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