Mass transfer has been studied at atomic scale by molecular dynamics simulation of friction stir welding and vibration-assisted friction stir welding using the modified embedded atom potential. It was shown that increasing the velocity movement and decreasing the angle velocity of the tool reduce the penetration depth of atoms into the opposite crystallite in the connected pair of metals. It was shown also that increasing the amplitude of vibrations applied to the friction stir welding tool results in increasing the interpenetration of atoms belonging to the crystallites joined
Based on the hybrid numerical method, namely, the hybrid method of movable cellular automata, we developed a computer-based two-scale mechanical model of heavy water-saturated concrete. The model takes into account the content of the liquid phase and its redistribution in networks of microscopic and capillary pores. The features of deformation and fracture of concrete samples under uniaxial compression were numerically studied in a wide range of variation of the macroscopic characteristics of the pore space, viscosity of an interstitial liquid and loading rate. Simulation results confirmed the possibility of a unified description of the dependence of the strength of heavy concrete on the sample permeability and size, fluid viscosity and the loading rate in terms of the complex dimensionless parameter that combines these characteristics.
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