A síndrome de ativação macrofágica (SAM) ou síndrome hemofagocítica reativa é uma entidade associada com formas familiares e adquiridas. As formas adquiridas podem ser desencadeadas por infecções, neoplasias, imunodeficiências e doenças reumáticas crônicas (1) . Essa desordem foi identificada por Risdall et al. (2) , em 1979, e o termo SAM foi descrito pela primeira vez por Hadchovel et al. (3) , em 1985, em um relato de sete pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil (AIJ) de início sistê-mico que desenvolveram essa complicação no decorrer da doença. Hoje, a SAM é uma rara e reconhecida complicação da forma sistêmica da AIJ (4) . Trata-se de um distúrbio decorrente da excessiva ativação e proliferação descontrolada de linfócitos T e AbstRActThe macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) or secondary haemophagocytic syndrome (reactive) is an uncommon, severe and life-threatening complication of chronic rheumatic diseases, especially systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis, adult-onset Still disease and systemic lupus eritematosus. It is characterized by the excessive activation of macrophages, resulting in fever, hepatoesplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, neurological involvement, variable cytopenias, hyperferritinemia, liver disease, intravascular coagulation, often resulting in fatal multiple organ failure. Besides chronic rheumatic diseases, it is also seen in a heterogeneous group of diseases like neoplasms, imunodeficiencies and viruses (especially the herpes group), bacteria and fungi infections. We describe a case report of one patient with MAS triggered by Epstein-Barr virus infection treated with oral corticosteroid.
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