Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Tumour location has been shown to be of prognostic importance in UUT‐TCC, with tumours of renal pelvis having a better prognosis than ureteral tumours. Patients from Balkan Endemic Nephropathy (BEN) areas had a higher frequency of pelvis tumours. Also, we found that belonging to a BEN area is an independent predictor of disease recurrence. OBJECTIVE To identify the impact of tumour location on the disease recurrence and survival of patients who were treated surgically for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (UUT‐TCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS A single‐centre series of 189 consecutive patients who were treated surgically for UUT‐TCC between January 1999 and December 2009 was evaluated. Patients who had previously undergone radical cystectomy, preoperative chemotherapy or contralateral UUT‐TCC were excluded. In all, 133 patients were available for evaluation. Tumour location was categorized as renal pelvis or ureter based on the location of the dominant tumour. Recurrence‐free probabilities and cancer‐specific survival were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS The 5‐year recurrence‐free and cancer‐specific survival estimates for the cohort in the present study were 66% and 62%, respectively. The 5‐year bladder‐only recurrence‐free probability was 76%. Using multivariate analysis, only pT classification (hazard ratio, HR, 2.46; P= 0.04) and demographic characteristics (HR, 2.86 for areas of Balkan endemic nephropathy, vs non‐Balkan endemic nephropathy areas; 95% confidence interval, 1.37–5.98; P= 0.005) were associated with disease recurrence Tumour location was not associated with disease recurrence in any of the analyses. There was no difference in cancer‐specific survival between renal pelvis and ureteral tumours (P= 0.476). Using multivariate analysis, pT classification (HR, 8.04; P= 0.001) and lymph node status (HR, 4.73; P= 0.01) were the only independent predictors associated with a worse cancer‐specific survival. CONCLUSION Tumour location is unable to predict outcomes in a single‐centre series of consecutive patients who were treated with radical nephroureterectomy for UUT‐TCC.

TSS is acceptable from an oncological point of view, and it enables continuation of a patient's life without lifelong hormonal substitution. Additionally, local irradiation therapy could be delayed in patients with TIN who wish to father children, but with high local recurrence rate.

Excellent outcomes for benign lesions could be achieved using TSS. TSS could be offered safely in highly selected patients with germ cell tumors, specifically within a clinical trial but there is more data needed regarding the potential risks and benefits. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:287-290. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.