The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential risks of radiation near abandoned uranium mines, tailing dumps, or uranium deposits on Mountain Stara Planina, Serbia. For risk assessment several parameters were determined: radium equivalent activity, Raeq, external hazard index, Hex, gamma radiation absorbed dose rate, D, annual effective dose on background outdoor gamma exposure, AEDoutdoor, and excess lifetime cancer risk, ELCR. Obtained results showed that all the samples, except one, have the Raeq value up to two times higher than the reference limit. The Raeq of the sample from the Mezdreja mine tailings was increased by almost eight times. The value of Hex followed the same pattern as Raeq. All the investigated localities have increased D values, while all the samples have shown the moderately low AEDoutdoor, except Mezdreja mine tailings that have 5.5-2.8 times higher dose relative to the world's average. ELCR at the Mezdreja mine tailings is 4.58 times higher than the world's average of 1.45?10?3. In the context of human activity in the area of Stara Planina such as different kinds of tourism, livestock breeding, dairy products, and herbal manufacturing, etc. there is a need for detailed analysis in order to evaluate potential human exposure and health impacts.
U radu su predstavljeni podaci o generisanju, količinama i upravljanju medicinskim otpadom (MO) u Srbiji. Predstavljeni su načini procene i ukupne godišnje količine generisanja MO po kategorijama. Zaključeno je da se najviše proizvede farmaceutskog (64%) i infektivnog (32%) MO. Prema dobijenim podacima, upravljanje MO u Srbiji je trenutno na niskom nivou, osim kada je u pitanju infektivni otpad. U radu su predložene jednostavnije metode tretmana u postojećim autoklavima i kompleksnije metode (insineracija i plazmena piroliza), kao kratkoročna i dugoročna rešenja. Predviđena rastuća količina MO zahteva povećanje postojećih kapaciteta prerade i primenu novih rešenja. Kapacitet instaliranih autoklava može da bude uvećan povećanjem njihovog radnog vremena, kako bi se izbegla dodatna ulaganja. Međutim, tretman u autoklavima je pogodan samo za infektivni otpad. Za drugi MO, čije glavne frakcije čine farmaceutski i hemijski otpad ne postoji infrastruktura. Kao privremeno rešenje, farmaceutski otpad se tretira u inostranstvu što na duži vremenski period nije finansijski prihvatljivo. Kako trenutno osnovu tretmana MO u Srbiji čini samo mreža zdravstvenih ustanova opremljenih autoklavima, kao centralnih (CMT) i lokalnih (LMT) mesta tretmana za tretman infektivnog otpada, preporuka je da se ovoj mreži pridruže i dodatni kapaciteti za tretman neinfektivnog otpada, uz istovremenu optimizaciju nivoa organizacije upravljanja celokupnim MO.
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