Purpose -This work demonstrates the development of a robot, which was designed for the orbital welding of pipes. Design/methodology/approach -The robot consists of a small car pressed against the pipe by means of chains, which are used by the robot to move around it. To provide all necessary torch movements, the robot must have four degrees of freedom: torch travel speed, stick-out, torch angle and lateral motion. Thus, using a look-up table-which was specially designed to this application-it is possible to follow the optimal parameters (voltage, current, welding speed, torch angle and stick-out) for each welding position (flat, vertical and overhead). Findings -The robotization of the orbital welding process brings enhancement in the final product quality, considerable increase of repeatability, reduction of rework and reduction of the weld execution time. At the very least, the robot is capable to reproduce the weld bead of the best human welder, through the use of the same paramenters contained in a table. Practical implications -The use of this robot in welding with GMAW proved to be extremely viable. It was shown that the bead shape did not suffer great variations from one welding postion to another, thanks to the use of a gradual change of parameters. Originality/value -Although, by RIA definition the devices for the orbital welding shown in literature up to now are not robots, the developed device can be called a robot due to its capability of being completely programmable and automatically carrying through all welding activities.
Resumo No Tailor Welded Blank (TWB) são soldadas chapas de especificações distintas, antes da conformação. Sua caracterização, na região soldada, por métodos convencionais de tração, pode ser dificultada pelo estreito comprimento da solda. Novas metodologias e alternativas são analisadas. Este trabalho visou caracterizar mecanicamente a região soldada de um painel interno de porta veicular, fabricado por TWBs. Realizou-se a caracterização mecânica indireta da região soldada a partir de ensaio de microdureza - normas ASTM-E140 e ISO 18265-2013 - e equação de conversão direta de dureza em limite de resistência à tração (LRT). Os resultados obtidos foram correlacionados com ensaio de tração dos materiais de base, evidenciando qual a melhor conversão. A norma ISO 18265-2013 foi a que mais se aproximou do ensaio direto, com desvio máximo de 30% e mínimo de 9%, sendo o desvio mais acentuado conforme a resistência mecânica do material aumenta. Nos outros métodos, o desvio máximo pode chegar a 40%, sendo menor (11% a 18%, para equação) quando o material apresenta menor LRT. Apesar do desvio observado, a técnica utilizada mostrou-se útil para predizer os estados de deformações e a extensão da zona fundida (ZF) e da zona termicamente afetada (ZTA) de um TWB.
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