In the experiment the parameters of milk quality from organic and conventional dairy farm were analyzed. The number of somatic cells was 219. 103 . ml−1 in the organic milk and 242. 103 . ml−1 in the conventional milk. It seems that conditions of organic farming could be able to have a positive effect of health of mammary gland. We found the highest number of somatic cells at the end of the year (336.103 . ml−1 in organic milk in December, respectively 336.103 . ml−1 in conventional milk in November). The total bacteria count was higher in organic milk (86.103 CFU . ml−1) than conventional (51.103 CFU . ml−1) likewise the number of coliform bacteria. Number of coliform bacteria was by conventional milk under 1000 CFU . ml−1 for all samples. The highest number of coliform bacteria in organic milk was achieved in February (1000 CFU . ml−1). We found higher content of fat (4.23 g . 100g−1) and protein (3.41 g . 100g−1) by organic milk in comparison with the conventional milk (4.11 g . 100g−1, resp. 3.39 g . 100g−1). The higher content of protein and fat in organic milk and the higher protein content in conventional milk were determined in December. The heat resistance was determined by 96 % ethanol required to coagulation of 2 ml of milk. The conventional milk has significantly lower heat resistance (1.38 ml) than the organic one (1.86 ml). Better heat stability by organic milk and higher content of Ca (144.29 mg . 100g−1) correspond with higher technological quality of organic milk.

PurposeOne of the key decisions in becoming international is the standardization versus adaptation of the products for foreign markets. Previous research has mostly seen these alternatives as polarized opposites, even if it seems that the practitioners must nearly always adopt a certain level of adaptation that is nevertheless clearly less than full adaptation. The aim of the paper is to connect the amount and types of changes required to the cultural distance.Design/methodology/approachA survey was offered to 33 companies producing 107 Slovak food products being exported successfully; the amount of changes required for different markets were calculated and classified for each product. Supporting interviews to 15 companies were conducted.FindingsThe results suggest that markets culturally more distant require a greater number of changes than the culturally more similar target countries. The increase is clear especially in amount of packaging size and style changes for the foreign market. Conversely, the markets culturally closer to the home market required relatively more frequent changes in the brand name.Research limitations/implicationsThe method chosen restricts the possibilities of statistical analysis to basic distribution data. The results are at this stage not conclusive; suggestions for further research are discussed at the end of the paper.Practical implicationsThe paper presents benchmarking possibilities for producers of similar products.Originality/valueThe model states that the changes in products are due to two separate types of distance; logistics/handling‐induced changes for geographical distance, information‐ status‐ and buying habit‐induced changes for cultural distance. The paper discusses the actions of companies from observed practice rather than from theory; includes an original sample of 107 products.

In spite of geographical and culture differences between examined countries, there can be found similarities in consumer behavior of men and woman and also the similar tendencies on the dairy product market. In the last decade different fields of science concerns with the topic of gender differences more frequently. The article is based on a research of consumers' overall attitude to dairy products in Slovakia and Russia. The important role of gender differences underlines the outcomes of the questionnaire survey. Kruskal-Wallis test and Bonferroni correction was applied to verify the hypothesis whether there is a dependency between gender of the respondents and their attitude while choosing the dairy products in both countries. Analysis showed that in both countries women tend to buy dairy products more often than men. Also consumers prefer more domestic products, but Russian not as significantly as Slovakian. In both countries consumers consider the price of dairy products as high, but they don’t outline the price as the most important factor when choosing dairy products. At the same time, both genders consider quality as the most important factor. These results indicate the existence of a niche at the Russian market, which could be used by Slovak dairy producers who can possibly penetrate Russian market. In addition, the similar marketing strategy for both, Slovak and Russian market can be used if the advertisement will be sensitively focused on the gender.

UBREŽIOVÁ IVETA, STANKOVIČ LÝDIA, MIHALČOVÁ BOHUSLAVA, UBREŽIOVÁ ANDREA:

Abstract:The main attention of the submitted paper is devoted to the comparison of development of entrepreneurship in Slovak and Polish small and medium-sized he enterprise sector. The conditions for blooming entrepreneurship are created in the national economy. Especially the role of SMEs in the transition economy, both in Slovakia and Poland, has the impact on SMEs. The entrepreneurship of small and medium-sized enterprises is extended in the whole Slovakia. From the viewpoint of the regional structure, most enterprises are located in the Bratislavský region (30.4%), Košický region (11.8%), Žilinský region (10.1%) and Trenčianský region (10.1%). on the other hand, the least of enterprises were registered in the nitrianský region (8.9%), Trnavský region (9.2%) and Banskobystrický region (9.6%). Small and medium entrepreneurship is diversed throughout Poland. The average small and medium entreprenership ratio is 44.5, while the highest is in the Mazowieckie region -55.2% and the lowest in the Podkarpackie region -30 %. The supporting system for private entrepreneurship in both countries, Slovakia and Poland, is very similar and the entrepreneurs are satisfied with its offer and help.Key words: entrepreneurship, small and medium-sized enterprise, Slovakia, Poland Abstrakt: cieľom predkladaného príspevku je pomocou komparatívnej analýzy zhodnotiť rozvoj podnikania v slovenských a poľských malých a stredných podnikoch. Podmienky pre podnikanie sa vytvárajú v národnom hospodárstve. Ekonomika transformujúcich sa krajín (Slovenska a Poľska) má dopad na malé a stredné podniky (MSP). z hľadiska regionálnej štruk-túry najviac podnikov v kategórii MSP podnikov sa nachádza v Bratislavskom kraji (30.4 %), v Košickom kraji (11.8 %) a rovnakým podielom v Žilinskom a Trenčianskom kraji (10.1 %). najmenej podnikov sa registrovalo v nitrianskom kraji (8.9 %), v Trnavskom kraji (9.2 %) a v Banskobystrickom kraji (9.6 %). V Poľsku sa najviac malých a stredných podnikov nachádza Mazowieckom regióne a najmenej v Podkarpatskom regióne. Podnikatelia, ktorí podnikajú v malých a stredných podnikoch, sú spokojní s podporným systémom v oboch krajinách.Kľúčové slová: podnikanie, malé a stredné podniky, Slovensko, Poľsko