Invasive candidiasis is a severe infection caused by the yeast of the genus Candida. This highly lethal infection can affect any organs, but it is usually identified by the growth of the yeast in bloodstream samples. Although C. albicans was the most frequently found species, there has been a global trend to the non-albicans isolates. The appearance of C. auris, a newly identified species around the world, is a cause of concern because of resistance to antifungals. In this chapter, the epidemiology and risk factors for the acquisition of candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis are reviewed, while showing the current knowledge of worldwide epidemiology.

Cómo citar este artículo: Cortes JA, et al. Clinical practice guideline. Integral Care Guidelines for the prevention, early detection and treatment of pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium complications: Section on toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. Infectio 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22354/in.v21i2.654 AbstractToxoplasma infection, an aspect included in the Integral Care Guidelines for prevention, early detection and treatment of complications during pregnancy developed and sponsored by the Department of Science, Technology and Innovation, Colciencias and the Ministry of Health and Social Protection; was selected to develop recommendations that may contribute to its prevention diagnostic and treatment. Guidelines were developed through systematic review of literature, two panels of evaluation, gradation of evidence: SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network), discussion panel with users and patients, external evaluation and socioeconomical evaluation of the impact of recommendations. The Toxoplasma gondii infection that occurs during pregnancy may cause serious complications for the fetus and important sequelae for the newborn. A clinical guideline based on the best available scientific evidence, with emphasis on Colombian references, was performed. Experts in parasitology, neonatology and infectious diseases (adult and pediatric) developed the recommendations. It is suggested that the recommendations included in this guideline be followed by healthcare professionals in pregnancy care programs nationwide, with the purpose of lowering the morbidity and mortality related to this disease. Specific recommendations for diagnosis during the first trimester of the pregnancy, recommendations for prevention in noninfected women, identification of fetal or newborn infection and recommendations for treatment in those given cases are included. Guia de atencion integral para la prevencion, deteccion temprana y tratamiento de las complicaciones del embarazo: Sección de Toxoplasmosis ResumenComo parte de la Guia de atencion integral para la prevencion, deteccion temprana y tratamiento de las complicaciones del embarazo, desarrollada y financiada por el Departamento de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion, Colciencias, y el Ministerio de Salud y Proteccion Social de Colombia, se seleccionó a la infeccion por Toxoplasma para el desarrollo de recomendaciones para su prevencion, diagnostic° y tratamiento. La infeccion por Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) durante el embarazo puede resultar en graves complicaciones para el feto y dejar importantes secuelas al recien nacido. Se realizo una guia basada en la mejor evidencia disponible en ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL Integral Care Guidelines for the prevention, early detection and treatment of pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium complications. 103la literatura cientifica, con especial pertinencia a la informacion colombiana. Un consenso de expertos en parasitologia, ginecologia, neonatologia e infectologia, tanto de adultos como pediatrica, desarrollo las recomendaciones. Se propone que las recomendac...

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La vacuna BCG se ha usado en todo el mundo desde principios del siglo XX para la prevención de la tuberculosis. Se describe el caso de una niña de 13 meses de edad, previamente sana, que consultó por una masa esternal. El estudio radiológico mostró erosión perióstica. La lesión fue resecada y en la histopatología se encontró una reacción inflamatoria crónica con granulomas caseificantes con compromiso óseo y cutáneo. Se realizó una amplificación por PCR con iniciadores específicos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis del ADN obtenido a partir del tejido incluido en parafina, cuyo resultado fue negativo. Los antecedentes de vacunación con BCG, la aparición de este tipo de granulomas y la ausencia de ADN de M. tuberculosis en el tejido resecado apoyan el diagnóstico de osteomielitis esternal y escrofuloderma por BCG. La osteomielitis es una complicación infrecuente de la vacunación por BCG, que puede presentarse especialmente en pacientes inmunosuprimidos. La evolución clínica de la paciente no ha demostrado ninguna forma de inmunodeficiencia.

Healthcare-associated infections are a major problem in newborn infants, considering their high morbidity, mortality, and long-term sequelae. In preterm infants, it has been shown that skin and gastrointestinal tract colonization undergoes variations compared to healthy term infants, and that preterm infants are more exposed to nosocomial microorganisms given their higher probability of being admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit where they are cared for. This document reviews normal colonization, the changes observed during hospitalization, prematurity, and the potential role of chlorhexidine in the prevention of resistant microorganism transmission, as well as its side effects in newborn infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.